World Heritage-Making in the Pluralistic Legal-Institutional Setting of Catur Angga Batukaru, Bali (original) (raw)

The Legal Aspects of Heritage Protection and Management in Indonesia: Toward Integrated Conservation

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Arte-Polis Imagining Experience: Creative Tourism and the Making of Place, 2017

The cultural heritage protection and management in Indonesia has been experiencing many challenges, obstacles, and changes from a century. This paper discusses the legal aspects of cultural heritage management and protection in Indonesia based on the current heritage legislations as well as its relevancies with the international instruments issued within the same period. The study relied on a literature review highlights that the current heritage legislations still have many loopholes and unparalleled to the heritage trends at a global level. Also the current issues in heritage protection and management have become more complex and unintegrated with a development plan.

The Making of World Heritage Landscape

Contemporary Bali, 2019

The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been problematic in Bali. Rapid conversion of agricultural land to develop tourism infrastructures has resulted in the fragmentation of rice fields, concentration of landownership, and marginalisation of farmers and subak (the traditional irrigation society). In order to marry tourism and agriculture, village and heritage tourism is developed to provide an added value to local farmers from tourist visits. This chapter examines the inscription of the Subak Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru to UNESCO’s World Heritage Regime in an attempt to integrate the conservation of Bali’s cultural heritage with the global tourism market. Without carefully assessing the complex institutional and legal constellation and its implications for the social dynamics within which the landscape is produced, the inscription has led to contestations not only among state institutions, but also among local communities, in their efforts to access the benefits...

Institutional and Regulatory Roles in Maintaining Sustainability of Subak as a World Cultural Heritage in Bali

2017

The study was undertaken to identify various traditional tools and implements used for agricultural operations by the farmers of Sikkim. A total 28 tools were documented and tools like Halo-Juwa, Daatey, Phewri, Kaata/Haatey Kaata, Kodalo, Kodali, Hansia, Khurmi, Kachia, Khukuri, Bamfok, Elaichi Churi, Bancharo, Ramba/Jhyampal, Jaato, Okhlee and Mushlee, Dhikki, Ankhe Doko/Sipringey Doko, Thunche, Namlo, Chaalni, Nanglo, Daalo/Pathee, Bhakari and, Dhekutti were found in every household of the rural farmers. The study also revealed that most of the farmers of Sikkim have small and fragmented land holdings and continue to use indigenous tools and implements as it is considered to be cheaper, economical, and easily available in the local villages Full-Length paper 254 255

Locating Global Legacies in Tana Toraja, Indonesia

Current Issues in Tourism, 2004

In 2001, the picturesque Toraja village of Ke´te´Kesu´was nominated for candidacy as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Situated in the South Sulawesi highlands in Indonesia, this hamlet is home to rice farmers, wood carvers, tourist vendors, government workers and sporadically-visiting anthropologists. Drawing on long-term anthropological field research in the village, I suggest that while world heritage sites may entail what UNESCO terms 'genius loci', they are, rarely the unchanging embodiments of tradition they are imagined to be. The paper illustrates how heritage landscapes such as Ke'te' Kesu' are, to some extent, products of local responses and and engagements with regional, national and global political, cultural and economic dynamics. Ultimately, I argue that the emergence of UNESCO world heritage sites is not a 'natural' process, but rather one borne out of complex exchanges, competitions and collaborations between local groups, as well as national and international entities.

THE ROLE OF POWER IN THE EXISTENCE OF SUBAK CULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN DENPASAR, BALI

International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2019

Preservation of existing cultural heritage and the need for new facilities is a struggle that characterizes the development of a city. In Denpasar City, Bali Province there is a Subak cultural landscape in the form of an agricultural area. Subak cultural landscape has been designated as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO (WBD). The subak WBD site established by UNESCO consists of 4 regions spread across Bali Province. The subak area in Denpasar City by the city government is also conserved by establishing it as a green open space. Although it has been designated as green open space, land conversion continues to occur in subak land. The preservation of subak cannot only be carried out by regulations. Subak conservation must be carried out comprehensively involving all related elements. In city ecology there are three main things that influence and move dynamically, namely, politics, economy and culture. This article will review the power and its role in the existence of the cultural landscape of Subak in the city of Denpasar. This article consists of three main parts. The first part discusses the cultural landscape of subak in Denpasar City as green space and its changes. The second part discusses the cultural position of subak landscape as a component of the city. The final part is to analyze what influences power, and what its role is in the development of subak cultural landscape in Denpasar City, Bali Province.

Locating Global Legacies in Tana Toraja --UNESCO & World Heritage Site-Making

In 2001, the picturesque Toraja village of Ke´te´Kesu´was nominated for candidacy as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Situated in the South Sulawesi highlands in Indonesia, this hamlet is home to rice farmers, wood carvers, tourist vendors, government workers and sporadically-visiting anthropologists. Drawing on long-term anthropological field research in the village, I suggest that while world heritage sites may entail what UNESCO terms 'genius loci', they are, rarely the unchanging embodiments of tradition they are imagined to be. The paper illustrates how heritage landscapes such as Ke'te' Kesu' are, to some extent, products of local responses and and engagements with regional, national and global political, cultural and economic dynamics. Ultimately, I argue that the emergence of UNESCO world heritage sites is not a 'natural' process, but rather one borne out of complex exchanges, competitions and collaborations between local groups, as well as national and international entities.

Contemporary Bali - Contested Space and Governance

Palgrave Macmillan, 2019

This book offers a comprehensive examination of spatial and environmental governance in contemporary Bali. In the era of decentralisation, Bali's eight district governments and one municipality acquired a strong sense of authority to extract revenues from within their territorial borders while disregarding the impacts beyond them which has exacerbated environmental, cultural and institutional issues. These issues are addressed through reorganising space. In reality, however, such re-organisation has predominantly been in order to provide space for tourism investments and market expansion. The outcomes of reorganising space are in fact shaped by the dynamics of power that interface with increasingly complex legal and institutional structures. These complex structures provide more arenas for vested interests to manoeuvre, but at the same time provide different forms of legitimacy for local forces to challenge the dominant process. The book demonstrates the mechanisms through which social actors mobilise legal-institutional arrangements to advance their interests.