Adsorption of iron, lead, paracetamol, imipramine on natural polymers (original) (raw)
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Molecules
The use of enterosorbents—materials which can be administered orally and eliminate toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by sorption—offers an attractive complementary protection of humans against acute and chronic poisoning. In this study, we report the results of developing a microgranulated binary biomedical preparation for oral use. It was designed with a core-shell structure based on pectin with low degree of esterification as the core, and nanoporous activated carbon produced from rice husk, AC-RH, as the shell, designated as AC-RH@pectin. The adsorption properties of the synthesized materials were studied in aqueous solutions for the removal of lead (II) nitrate as a representative of toxic polyvalent metals and sodium diclofenac as an example of a medicinal drug. The composite enterosorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity for both adsorbates studied. Adsorption kinetics of lead and diclofenac adsorption by AC-RH, pectin, and AC-RH@pectin, fitted well a...
Adsorption of Bovine Serum and Bovine Haemoglobin onto Chitosan Film
Adsorption Science & Technology, 2012
Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin, a polysaccharide abundant in nature. The application of chitosan as a dressing material for burns presents advantages such as bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity, low toxicity and biocompatibility. In this work, the barrier properties and mechanical strength of chitosan were evaluated for subsequent use as a dressing material. The films were evaluated in terms of their protein adsorption using bovine serum albumin and bovine haemoglobin as model proteins. The chitosan films presented physical properties suitable to be in wound dressings, such as resistance, flexibility in handling, absorptive capacity and water vapour permeation ratio. The results of infrared spectroscopy indicated the qualitative adsorption of proteins on the chitosan surface film.
Sorption of paracetamol onto biomaterials
Water Science and Technology, 2016
Pharmaceutical residues released into the environment are posing more and more public health problems. It is worthwhile to study the retention of pharmaceuticals residues by adsorption on solid supports. Batch sorption experiments are intended to identify the adsorption isotherms of the pharmaceutically active ingredient on the biomaterials. The results obtained in this study have shown that the retention possibilities of these compounds by bio-adsorbents (clay and sand) are not significant. The negligible sorption for these media is explained by the low hydrophobicity of paracetamol (Log Kow = 0.46). The retention of paracetamol on the dehydrated sewage sludge and on Posidonia oceanica showed a relatively significant adsorption with a maximal quantity of 0.956 mg g−1 and 1.638 mg g−1 for the dehydrate sludge and P. oceanica, respectively. On the other hand, the study of paracetamol retention on the powdered activated carbon showed a high adsorption capacity of about 515.27 mg g−1. ...
Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, 2021
Pectin and Chitosan are the naturally occurring polymers which possess various beneficial properties. Pectin and Chitosan are abundantly available versatile polysaccharides with wide range of applications. The inherent properties of Pectin and Chitosan could be exploited to develop a biocomposite material which can be used as wound dressing material. Pectin is generously available in plant materials mainly citrus fruit peel. In th[e present study, Pectin was extracted from orange peels by Citric Acid and Alcohol Precipitation method as this method retains the Pectin properties and increases the yield of Pectin extraction. Characterization of Pectin extract by solubility tests and SEM analysis revealed the presence of Pectin. The extracted Pectin is sufficient enough to enhance the gelling ability of the biocomposite material. The extracted Pectin along with Chitosan extra pure was used for development of Pectin Chitosan biocomposite materials with the help of suitable solvents. The biocomposite material was prepared by using lactic acid or glycerol by solvent casting method. The biocomposite material was further characterized by SEM analysis which revealed that the surface of the material was smooth and heterogeneous. Also, antibacterial test against Bacillus subtilis confirms that the Pectin and Chitosan retains its antibacterial property in biocomposite material [1]. The raw materials and the manufacturing processes are cost effective and sustainable. Henceforth, this method leads to a development of promising product for commercialization in the arena of medical applications. Chitosanbased materials not only exhibit the excellent activities of chitosan but also show other appealing performance of combined materials, even give the good synergistic properties of chitosan and its composite materials. Further studies are needed to define the ideal physicochemical properties of chitosan for each type of biomedical applications. The development of various functional chitosan-based materials for biological applications will be an important field of research, and this kind of material has important commercial value.
Modification & Characterization of Natural Polymer for Development of Dosage Forms
The aim of this work was the chemical modification of pectin by limited acetylation of their free hydroxyl groups to yield high ester pectin and to investigate its swelling and erosion behavior along with the effect on the release pattern of drugs. Propranolol as an antihypertensive drug was formulated as tablet using chemically modified pectin and pure pectin by using wet granulation method and its collision on drug release was studied. Physicochemical characterization of chemically modified pectin, the solubility, gelling or swelling factor was studied. Optimum concentrations of the modified pectin in such a system protect the tablet throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The pectin modified with acetylating agent was found to be promising to modify the release of drugs which are to be delivered throughout GIT. Drug dissolution studies were carried out in buffers of pH 1.2 and 6.8 and the system was designed based on the total GIT transit time concept. The matrix tablet of modified pectin show more release retardant action as compared to pure pectin. Modified dosage form subject to sintering technique it show fast disintegration and dissolution.
Freeze-dried chitosan/pectin nasal inserts for antipsychotic drug delivery
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2010
The objective of this investigation was the development of chitosan/pectin based nasal inserts to improve bioavailability of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. In fact, the nasal route of administration ensures systemic availability avoiding the first-pass metabolism and obtaining more efficacious treatments. Chitosan/pectin polyelectrolyte complexes were prepared at pH 5.0 with different polycation/polyanion molar ratios and lyophilized in small inserts in the presence of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. The results show that higher amount of pectin in the complexes, with respect to higher amount of chitosan, produced a more evident porous structure of the nasal inserts, improving water uptake ability and mucoadhesion capacity. Finally, the presence of increasing amounts of pectin allowed the interaction with chlorpromazine hydrochloride inducing the formation of less hydratable inserts thus limiting drug release and permeation. This investigation verifies the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes between chitosan and pectin at pH values in the vicinity of the pKa interval of the two polymers and confirms the potential of these complexes, capable of achieving antipsychotic drug delivery in the nasal cavity.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2013
The biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified in two sequences of reactions: (i) immobilization of methyl acrylate followed by cysteamine and (ii) the sequence of immobilization reactions involving ethylene sulfide, methyl acrylate and finally cysteamine. In both cases the pendant chains have attached nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur basic centers. The corresponding structures were characterized through elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state for carbon, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The newly synthesized biopolymers have abilities to immobilize and controllably release the non-steroidal drug ibuprofen. The ibuprofen-loaded biomaterials as tablets or as films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde revealed that drug release is pH sensitive. The chemically modified chitosan may allow reduction of drug release in stomach fluids, since the functional groups cause a decrease in swelling rate at pH 1.2, opposite to the behavior that occurs at pH 7.4, that of nutritional fluid, where an increase of the rate of swelling occurs. In such conditions the negatively charge ibuprofen is electrostatically repelled by negative chitosan derivative surfaces.
Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Tablets to Assess Binding Property of Orange Peel Pectin
Int J Pharma Sciences …, 2010
The aim of present work was to extract pectin from dried orange fruit peels to assess its binding property in tablets using paracetamol as model drug. Initially orange fruit peel powder was subjected to simple water based soxhlet extraction and pectin was isolated using ethyl alcohol as precipitating agent. Thereafter, four batches were formulated using pectin in different proportions. A reference batch of starch was also prepared to carry out the comparative study and to assess the binding property of pectin. Precompression and post compression studies were performed for each formulation. In-vitro release data was subjected to application of various kinetic models. The results obtained for all pre-compression and post compression parameters were found within acceptable range of pharmacopoeias. On the basis of drug release behavior it can be summarized that release of all four batches under study was less than that of reference batch. Orange peel pectin can act as excellent binder in dosage forms. Since it is of natural origin and orange peels available at low cost it may prove to be better binder over commercially used synthetic binders.
Formulation and In-Vivo Study of Ketoprofen Tablets Prepared Using Chitosan Interpolymer Complexes
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut, 2012
The application of interpolymer complexes (IPCs) for oral controlled drug delivery systems was tested between chitosan and various anionic polymers viz sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin. The prepared IPCs were investigated using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Ketoprofen tablets were prepared using the polymers alone, physical mixtures of chitosan with sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose or pectin in different ratios; 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1, and the corresponding IPCs. In-vitro release studies were carried out in two dissolution media; 0.1 N HCl of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. It was found that, chitosan-sod. carboxymethylcellulose IPC tablets showed more controlled drug release compared to that containing chitosan-sodium alginate and chitosanpectin IPCs. The dissolution rate from tablets prepared using physical mixtures of polymers were found to be dependant on the interaction between chitosan and each of the anionic polymers in the physical mixtures, their ratios and pH of the dissolution medium. Tablets prepared using chitosan-sod. carboxymethylcellulose physical mixture 1:1 and chitosan-sod. carboxymethylcellulose IPC were selected for the in-vivo study using albino rabbits. The results showed a lower peak plasma concentration and marked controlled release effect of drug in tablets containing the physical mixture compared to that of the IPC and the control tablets.