Land use practices in Caprivi’s changing political environment (original) (raw)
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Land Use Practices in Caprivi’s Chagnging Political Environment
Land use practices in eastern Caprivi, Namibia. Using historical aerial images the effects of increased settlement and clearing on the Salambala conservancy are shown. Comparison of images from 1970, 1996 and 2006 show clearly the increase of the number of farms and clearances and in the number of cattle enclosures (kraal). This has led to local erosion and land degradation.
SKB
Rural production and its changes 10.1 Arable production and livestock 11 The landscape in Oskarshamn 11.1 The changes in arable land according to "aspect" 11.2 Lilla Laxemar, Misterhult 11.2.1 Landscape history in Lilla Laxemar 11.2.2 The contemporary landscape in a historical perspective 11.3 Agriculture and modern landscape transition processes in the Oskarshamn area 11.3.1 Historical land use and characteristic changes after the second world war 11.3.2 Creating suitable conditions for farming 11.3.3 Conclusions 12 The landscape in Forsmark 12.1 Charcoal 12.2 The changes in arable according to "aspect" 12.3 The Forsmark ironworks, land and settlements 12.4 The central part of Valö parish 12.4.1 The landscape today in an historical perspective 12.5 Agriculture and processes of modern landscape transition in the Forsmark area 12.5.1 Historical landuse in the post-W.W.II era 12.5.2 Creating suitable conditions for farming 12.5.3 Changes in production 12.5.4 Conclusions 13 Landscape, history and people-conclusions and comparisons 13.1 Methods for capturing and analysing cartographic information 13.2 Methods and sources for dealing with population and settlement data 13.3 Models of settlement and landscape change 13.3.1 Oskarshamn 13.3.2 Forsmark 13.4 A comparison 13.4.1 Prehistory-1050 13.4.2 Medieval period 1050-1550 13.4.3 Early modern period 1550-1750 13.4.4 Era of modernisation 1750-1950 13.4.5 The Postwar period 1950-2000 Sources References Appendix The structure of a point file Appendix 2 Manual on the extraction of thematic information from scanned paper maps using ENVI, IDRISI and ADOBE PHOTOSHOP Appendix 3 Metadata, economic maps, Forsmark Appendix Metadata, economic maps, Oskarshamn Appendix 5 Metadata, map of hundreds (häradskartan), Forsmark Appendix 6 Metadata, old cadastral maps, Forsmark Appendix 7 Metadata, old cadastral maps, Oskarshamn Appendix 8 Definitions for population Appendix 9 The people in the area Appendix 10 Example of a data table made from original cadastral material people-A conclusion", which draws from all of the aforementioned chapters, has been collaboratively written by Johan Berg, Ulf Jansson and Anders Wästfelt. The English was revised by Andrew Byerley, Ph.D. The first phase of the project involved the participation of a number of people for either shorter or longer periods of time. During the second phase the bulk of the work was carried out by Johan Berg, Ulf Jansson and Anders Wästfelt with assistance from Annika Björklund. Ulf Jansson (Ph.D.)-project leader and responsible for the report Ola Hall (Ph.D.)-GIS, methods and organisation of data Stefan Ene (director of Geo Processing Unit)-GIS, methods, support and presentation Johan Berg (Ph.D.)-Historical geography, responsible for the cadastral material, settlement, and production. Anders Wästfelt (Ph.D.)-Landscape and people 1.2.1 Research assistants Therese Fast-GIS and historical landscape Anne Philipson-GIS and historical landscape Annika Björklund-Historical geography and GIS Annett Heerklotz (intern)-GIS 1.3 Structure of the study The study deals with settlement change, land-use, livelihoods and rural society as a whole. The text begins with an outline of the aim and the scope of the investigations, as well as a brief description of the investigated area. This is followed by a presentation of the perspectives used in historical geography and landscape studies, which form the theoretical base for the investigation. The following chapters deal with the many different methods used during the project. This is a detailed description that covers the full range of methods used in this work, where historical as well as modern sources are used. The methods range from processing digital maps, extracting statistical information and conducting field investigations. The first study deals with settlement change over a long period of time. The second study deals with the changing pattern of land ownership in the regions. The third study deals with population changes in the historical period. The fourth study focuses on rural production and changes that have taken place. The fith study utilises all of the land-use and landscape changes that can be observed in maps and other sources to describe both the overall situation and some examples of local studies of landscape and society. The sixth study deals with agriculture during the 20 th century, and is based on interviews with landowners and farmers. The final part consists of a summary and an attempt to create a model of the landscape changes that have taken place in the two areas.
Review of Konzeptualisierung von Landschaft im Mbukushu (Bantusprache in Nord-Namibia)
This book is a publication of Birte Kathage’s doctoral dissertation on the conceptualization of landscape in Mbukushu [mhw], a Bantu language spoken in Namibia, Angola, and Botswana. (The fieldwork on which the book is based was done in Namibia.) It is a rare (unique, in fact, to the best of this reviewer’s knowledge) example of a work applying empirical methods drawn from cognitive linguistics to a major semantic domain of a Bantu language. Since the geographic milieu of Mbukushu speakers is quite distinct from that of a typical speaker of, for example, German or English, this makes an examination of the Mbukushu conceptualization of landscape interesting not only from a general descriptive perspective but also from the comparative perspective of those interested in the ways speakers’ environments may play a role in shaping the semantic categorizations of their languages.
Spatial database : foundations of scientific exploitation of agricultural lands
2011
Spatial database: foundation of scientific exploitation of agricultural lands This paper is the result of studies and research concerning the systematic recording of a cadastral sector as a component part of the pilot-project "Spatial database; foundation of modern, performing management" carried out in the Commune Livezile (Timiç County, Romania), a project that aims at defining coherent procedures for the development, updating, and management of a database at the level of a Territorial Administrative Unit (T.A.U.), including the inclusion of data concerning the promotion of a modem and efficient agriculture, a project with promotion perspectives at regional and national level. The Livezile T.A.U. is one of the 89 communes of the Timiç County, located in the southwest of the county, covering 5,579.49 ha, of which 5,230.43 ha agricultural lands. This T.A.U. is made up of two localities: Livezile and Dolat. The objective of this paper was to collect real data concerning basic entities, i.e. plot, building, and owner, to achieve the fiinctions of cadastre, and other information allowing environmental protection. To reach this objective, we chose the northwest area of the locality Livezile covering communal grassland, the object of the communal interest of systematically recording ownership. Systematic recording operations were carried out in cooperation with the Company OTNIEL Ltd. Which, in partnership with the Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Timiçoara, the Timiç County Council, the Timi? Prefect's Institution cover the measurements for the entire pilot-project. Collecting pedological data was done with the support of the O.S.P.A. Timiçoara based on the " Pedo i og i cal study for quality cadastre: Assessment and technological characterisation of agricultural lands" at the 1:10000 scale, carried out in 1988 at the Banloc T.A.U. and based on the data collected in the field, between April and June 2011, together with the specialists working for the "National programme concerning a national and regional soil-land monitoring system for agriculture" designed by the D.A.J. Timij and approved by the M.A.D.R. The information thus collected can be used by both the public local administration to establish the development strategies of the community in order to make proper administrative decisions, and land owners that wish to exploit scientifically and efficiently their agricultural lands.
Összefoglalás -A tanulmányban egy körülbelül 0,15 km 2 kiterjedésű, korábban szőlővel borított, mára már részben visszaerdősült területet vizsgáltunk. A Kapu-hegyen elhelyezkedő mintaterületen viszonylag nagy méretű, épségben maradt kősorok, árkok és teraszok találhatók. A 18. század végén a terület délkeleti kitettségű, meredek hegyoldala döntően szőlőművelés alatt állt egészen 19. század végéig, de a terület művelése -részben megváltozott területhasználat mellett -gyakorlatilag az 1950-es évekig folytatódott. A hosszú időn keresztül folyt intenzív művelés és az erózió elleni védekezés az eredeti talaj szerkezetét erősen átalakította. Terepi vizsgálataink során bizonyos törvényszerűségek megállapításával s párhuzamok keresésével olyan kérdésekre próbálunk választ találni, mint például: mikor és miért kerültek oda s meddig voltak használatban a területen található kősorok, árkok és teraszok, illetve hogy az egykori intenzív használat nyomai milyen mértékben követhetők a jelenlegi felszínen és a talaj fizikai szerkezetében.
Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A, 2015
The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana (Oshana, singular) which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country's population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.
Mt Kare Land Boundaries and Landownership By Kenneth Cornilius20190903 8997 y3447g
2018
Land boundaries and ownership within the EL areas in PNG are mostly found to be under disputes by landowners. Ownership to land with high economic value is involved in most of these land disputes. The LIS conducted in Mt. Kare has employed geographical knowledge to confirm oral and traditional histories of land and the right to its ownership. This process was used in determining land ownership rights and resolving existing land disputes. The study combined geographical, sociological and cultural knowledge to resolve land disputes and determine landownership. In PNG, customary landowners in many cases are not recognised and engaged in development projects. This is because of the difficulty of understanding land rights based on oral traditions and its relationship to natural or geographical features used as landmarks. A research methodology of identifying clan boundaries and land registration using this methodology is what this study sets out to investigate this area. ILG’s are now transparently registered by genuine landowners by using geographic coordinates of important landmarks found in the natural environment as reference points. This ensures that the land is leased to the state and developers by the local community after a LIS is completed. Past studies have shown that there is a lack of effective community consultation and participation with landowners particularly in the mining sector. In this study both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. These included interviews, field observation, GPS survey, physical boundary walks and community consultation with landowning communities and clan leaders in Mt. Kare, Tagili and Paiela. It was found that the use of CMA with the LIS empowered landowners to participate freely and actively in solving land disputes. The physical walk exercise along the land boundaries enabled landowners to link their genealogies and oral histories with the physical landmarks and mark out a clan map based on the information collected from these sources. This process proved to be an effective way of identifying the rightful landowners of various land boundaries in the study area. Furthermore, results from this study showed how geographic factors were used to identify and determine landowners in mining projects. The complexity of social relationships between land, resources and ownership in PNG are partially understood by social scientist and geographers and this study has hailed the application of CMA in the LIS process as an important resource management tool. Other major findings were based on genealogy and ownership statues of genuine clans found within the mine impacted area of Mt. Kare of which the Heli clan remain the custodian and owner of land in Mt. Kare based on the application of first occupancy principle. Further research into social organisations and clan histories of the Mt. Kare people are required to support the findings of this study especially in areas like trade and migration. The application geographical statistics has provided a new dimension for LIS conducted in mining projects to determine land or resource ownership. It presents an important area for future research where statistical and geographical methods can be used to quantify and justify sociological and anthropological meanings in land and resource allocation and ownership.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY BOOK REVIEW & EDITED 2022 NEW-FINAL @
Samuel Ntiafu , 2021
Earlier studies have found that students, including adults, have problems understanding the scientifically accepted model of the Sun-Earth-Moon system and explaining day-today astronomical phenomena based on it. We have been examining such problems in the context of recent research on visual-spatial reasoning. Working with some school students in Bono East, we have developed a pedagogical sequence to build the mental model of the Earth and tried it in selected schools for socially and educationally disadvantaged students. This pedagogy was developed based on; (1) A reading of current research in imagery and visual-spatial reasoning and (2) Students' difficulties identified during pretests and interviews about the geography syllabus. Visual-spatial tools such as concrete (physical) models, gestures, and diagrams are used extensively in the teaching sequence. The building of a mental model is continually integrated with drawing inferences to understand and explain everyday phenomena. The focus of this article (book) is inferences drawn with diagrams. FOREWORD We write to foreword this book to the entitled PRINCIPLE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. The book is comprised of well-researched work and systematic themes to facilitate understanding in the discipline of the physical environment as far as geography is entreating to exhibit the behaviour of both students and well-readable persons about the physical environment and current marine issues. The topics of the book are arranged to meet the current curriculum of the subject to also meet the understanding of students, especially at the SHS level. Some complicated issues are bordering with minds of people and learners of geography about the earth (environment) as to what the earth is about and its existentialism. In this sense, the book is going to set as a reference to learners and geographers, readers, and many more. This book has come and exists to meet the time of the newly learned topics in geography especially students in PRANG SHS, where we did our National Service. We say well done to all our supporters especially Mr. Fordjour Daniel of PRASEC for financial help, Mr. Mark Gyan who helped in turning the academic note taken book into these Handout (Pamphlet).