An electronic nose for odour annoyance assessment (original) (raw)
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Odour discrimination with an electronic nose
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 1992
Smell is probably the least understood and exploited of the principal human senses, yet it is clearly important to both product and process control in many industries, such as foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco and perfumery. Advances in the field of integrated microelectronic devices have led to new instruments, robots, capable of vision and complex touch or taction, but not yet of smell. This paper reviews the research effort that has been carried out at Warwick University over recent years into the development of an electronic instrument that can mimic the human sense of smell. The approach that we have adopted is to construct a microprocessor-controlled system comprising an array of solid-state chemical gas sensors (with overlapping partial sensitivities to odorants) and associated signal processing and pattern recognition. This electronic system' is based upon our present knowledge of the biological system. Our earliest electronic nose consisted of an array of only three to twelve tin dioxide thick-film sensors, yet it can discriminate betwe_en alcohols, beverages, tobacco blends and coffees. Current efforts are reported towards the fabrication of an integrated microsensor metal oxide array, the development of other electronic devices using polymeric materials, and the implementation of various patternrecognition techniques, including correlation, principalcomponent analysis, cluster analysis and artificial neural networks. Finally, the application areas most likely to arouse widespread interest in the next decade are discussed.
Experimental Use Of Electronic Nose for Odour Detection
An electronic nose is an intelligent system for discrimination of odours and used to mimic the human nose of smell. Tin oxide semiconductor gas sensors are used for the development of electronic nose. It employs an array of chemical gas sensors, a sample handling system and a pattern recognition system. These techniques allow the system for a high degree of selectivity and reversibility. The ideal gas sensor has properties like reversibility, selectivity, robustness, sensitivity and reliability. After signal processing and feature extraction, a unique ‘smell print’ of the substance is obtained for classification, concentration measurement and to judge the quality. This paper describes the function of electronic nose, its applications and detecting the smell of particular volatile organic compound like benzene, acetone and ethanol at different concentrations. The obtained characteristics and response from electronic nose indicates that it can be used for distinct applications like pharmaceutics, defence and security industries.
Detection and identification of odorants using an electronic nose
… , Speech, and Signal …, 2001
Gas sensing systems for detection and identification of odorant molecules are of crucial importance in an increasing number of applications. Such applications include environmental monitoring, food quality assessment, airport security, and detection of hazardous gases. In this paper, we describe a gas sensing system for detecting and identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and discuss the unique problems associated with the separability of signal patterns obtained by using such a system. We then present solutions for enhancing the separability of VOC patterns to enable classification. A new incremental learning algorithm that allows new odorants to be learned is also introduced.
Development of an Electronic Nose for Environmental Odour Monitoring
Sensors, 2012
Exhaustive odour impact assessment should involve the evaluation of the impact of odours directly on citizens. For this purpose it might be useful to have an instrument capable of continuously monitoring ambient air quality, detecting the presence of odours and also recognizing their provenance. This paper discusses the laboratory and field tests conducted in order to evaluate the performance of a new electronic nose, specifically developed for monitoring environmental odours. The laboratory tests proved the instrument was able to discriminate between the different pure substances being tested, and to estimate the odour concentrations giving correlation indexes (R 2 ) of 0.99 and errors below 15%. Finally, the experimental monitoring tests conducted in the field, allowed us to verify the effectiveness of this electronic nose for the continuous detection of odours in ambient air, proving its stability to variable atmospheric conditions and its capability to detect odour peaks.
Fuzzy Logic based Odour Classification System in Electronic Nose
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013
In this paper, a Sugeno based fuzzy logic classifier for the classification of gases has been presented. The system employs an array of five gas sensors for sensing different gases. The sample space consists of eight gases. A database has been developed using experimentally collected data from the responses of the sensors. The classifier has been designed using the Fuzzy toolbox in MATLAB.
Development of an Electronic Nose for Smell Categorization Using Artificial Neural Network
Journal of Advances in Information Technology
Electronic Nose employs an array of gas sensors and has been widely used in many specific applications for the analysis of gas composition. In this study, electronic nose, integrating ten MQ gas sensors, is intended to model olfactory system which generally classifies smells based on ten basic categories namely: fragrant, sweet, woody/resinous, pungent, peppermint, decaying, chemical, citrus, fruity, and popcorn using artificial neural network as its pattern recognition algorithm. Initial results suggest that four (Pungent, Chemical, Peppermint, and Decaying) among the ten classifications are detectable by the sensors commercially available today while technology for classifying the remaining six is still under development. Meanwhile, results provided by this study affirm that electronic nose indeed displays a potential of modelling olfactory system.
Springer eBooks, 2009
Artificial olfaction system (the so-called electronic nose) is a very promising tool to monitor the malodour in the field. Usual measurement techniques of odour use human olfaction or conventional analytical techniques. The first category represents the real odour perception but is not applicable to measure continuously bad odours in the field. The second class of techniques gives the mixture composition but not the global information representative of the odour perception. The e-nose has the potentialities to combine "the odour perception" and the "monitoring in the field". However to be able to reach that goal, the signal processing has to be adapted to work in complex environment. The research group in Arlon has more than ten years experience in the measure of environmental malodours in the field. The paper presents the minimal requirements that the group considers as essential for artificial olfaction system to become successful for this application.
Detection and classification of human body odor using an electronic nose
Sensors, 2009
An electronic nose (E-nose) has been designed and equipped with software that can detect and classify human armpit body odor. An array of metal oxide sensors was used for detecting volatile organic compounds. The measurement circuit employs a voltage divider resistor to measure the sensitivity of each sensor. This E-nose was controlled by inhouse developed software through a portable USB data acquisition card with a principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm implemented for pattern recognition and classification. Because gas sensor sensitivity in the detection of armpit odor samples is affected by humidity, we propose a new method and algorithms combining hardware/software for the correction of the humidity noise. After the humidity correction, the E-nose showed the capability of detecting human body odor and distinguishing the body odors from two persons in a relative manner. The E-nose is still able to recognize people, even after application of deodorant. In conclusion, this is the first report of the application of an E-nose for armpit odor recognition.
Water research, 2018
Wastewater treatment plants have widely been described as a significant source of odour nuisance, which has led to an increase of neighbourhood complaints. Therefore, to mitigate the negative impact of odours, the detection and analysis of these emissions are required. This paper presents a measurement system based on an electronic nose for quantitative and qualitative odour analysis of samples collected from six different stages on a wastewater plant. Hence, two features vectors were performed in order to represent quantitative trends of the gaseous mixture sampled on the facility. In addition, odour fingerprints and a PCA were computed to discriminate odours from its sources and to detect relationships among the samples. This approach also comprises a dynamic dilution olfactometer. A PLS regression model was performed to predict the odour concentration by the electronic nose in term of odour units per cubic meter. The results show that the developed electronic nose is a promising ...
Environmental odour monitoring by electronic nose
Global nest journal, 2018
Odour emissions from industrial plants affect air quality and are consequently cause of a growing number of public complaints. The control of odour represents a key issue in plant management. The starting point for an effective odour control is their objective measurement. The electronic nose represents probably the odour monitoring technique with the greatest potential, but currently there is not a universally recognized procedure for their application in the continuous characterization of environmental odours.