A Vignette of Botany in the Age of Enlightenment: The Story of Catesby's Climber or the Carolina Kidney Bean Tree,Wisteria Frutescens (original) (raw)

Abstract

The history of Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. is discussed, with particular reference to those associated with its discovery in South Carolina, its transmission to Europe, and its initial cultivation in England and the Dutch Republic. A brief appraisal is given of those natural historians associated with the species in the interconnected worlds of medicine, botany, botanical art and horticulture in the early 18th century whose efforts enabled the Carolina kidney bean tree to be discovered, described and distributed. A description of Wisteria frutescens, with a key to the two varieties, is provided. A lectotype is chosen for the name Glycine frutescens var. magnifica Hérincq and neotypes are selected for the names Diplonyx elegans Raf. and Thyrsanthus floridana Croom. Reference One: Linnaeus and Clifford's Garden Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). In the protologue for Glycine frutescens L., his second species of Glycine in Species Plantarum, Linnaeus's phrase name read 'Glycine foliis pinnatis, caule perenni' [Glycine with perennial stems and pinnate leaves] (Linnaeus, 1753: 753). He listed two references to earlier works next to his phrase name: Hort. Cliff. 361, and Roy. Lugdb. 391. He then cited the additional phrase name: 'Phaseoloides frutescens Caroliniana, foliis pinnatis, floribus caeruleis conglomeratis' [shrubby Phaseoloides from Carolina with pinnate leaves and blue flowers in clusters] and then added a third reference: 'Hort. Angl. 55 t.15' and finally 'Habitat in Carolina'. The first reference, Linnaeus's Hortus Cliffortianus (Linnaeus, 1738: 361), described the rare plants grown in the garden at De Hartekamp, Heemstede, near Haarlem in the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands [Dutch Republic], the home of George Clifford (III), a rich banking magnate from Amsterdam. George Clifford (1685-1760). George Clifford's grandfather, also George Clifford (I) had moved from Cambridge, where the family originated, to Amsterdam settling on the Zeedijk in the centre of the old city, as a successful banker with extra income arising from a sugar plantation that he had bought in Barbados (Harskamp, 2012). His son George Clifford (II) was a director

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (89)

  1. Aiton, W. (1789). Hortus Kewensis or a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, Vol. 3. George Nicholl, London.
  2. Allen, D.E. (1967). John Martyn's Botanical Society, a biographical anal- ysis of the membership. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles 6: 305-324.
  3. Allen, D.E. (2008). Sherard, William (1659-1728). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, Oxford UK. online edition. www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25355 [accessed 19 December 2014].
  4. Allen, E.G. (1937). New light on Mark Catesby. Auk 54(3): 349-363.
  5. Anon (1775). A Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs Growing in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh (probably by John Hope).
  6. Ardagh, J. (1934). Bibliographical notes, 'catalogue of trees &c. in the gardens near London, 1730. Journal of Botany: British & Foreign 72: 110-111.
  7. Barton, E.S. (1897). A memoir of Georg Dionysius Ehret translated by Miss E. S. Barton. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 72: 110-111.
  8. Bradley, R. (1725). A Survey of the Ancient Husbandry and Gardening . B. Motte, London.
  9. Bradley, R. (1728). Dictionarium Botanicum: or a Botanical Dctionary for the Use of the Curious in Husbandry and Gardening , Vol. 1. T. Woodward, London; J. Peele, London.
  10. Browne, A.E. (2008). George Dionysius Ehret: A Glimpse into the Golden Age of Botany. The Linnean Special Issue Number 8:. The Linnean Society of London. pp. 85-96. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
  11. Burman, J. (1737). Thesaurus Zeylanicus Exhibens Plantas in Insula Zeylana Nascentes. Janssonio-Weisbergios, Salomonem Schouten, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam].
  12. Catesby, M. (1729-1747). Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, Vol. 1 & 2. Mark Catesby, London.
  13. Catesby, M. (1763). Hortus Brittano-Americanus. W. Richardson & S. Clark, London.
  14. Chaplin, J.E. (1998). Mark Catesby, a Skeptical Newtonian in Amer- ica. In: Meyers, A.R.W. & Pritchard, M.B. (eds). Empire's Nature: Mark Catesby's New World Vision. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  15. Compton, J. & Lack, H.W. (2012). The discovery, naming and typifica- tion of Wisteria floribunda and W. brachybotrys (Fabaceae) with notes on associated names. Willdenowia 42: 219-240.
  16. Compton, J.A. & Thijsse, G. (2013). The remarkable P. F. B. von Siebold, his life in Europe and Japan. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 30(3): 275-316.
  17. Dandy, J.E. (1958). The Sloane Herbarium: An Annotated List of the Horti Sicci Composing it. British Museum, London.
  18. Dillenius, J.J. (1732). Hortus Elthamensis. Dillenius, London.
  19. Dillwyn, L.W. (1843). Hortus Collinsonianus: An Account of the Plants Cul- tivated by the Late Peter Collinson. W. C. Murray & C. Rees, Swansea.
  20. Drewitt, F.D. (1922). The Romance of the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea. Ed. 1. Chapman & Dodd Ltd, London and Sydney.
  21. Drewitt, F.D. (1928). The Romance of the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea. Ed. 3. Cambridge University Press, London.
  22. Duhamel, H.-.L. [du Monceau] (1755). Traité des Arbres et Arbustes qui ce Cultivent en France en Pleine Terre, Vol. 2. H. L. Guerin & L. F. Delatour, Paris.
  23. Edmondson, J.E. (2004). John Bartram's legacy in eighteenth century botanical art: the Knowsley Ehrets. In: Hoffman, N.E. & Van Horne, J.C. (eds). America's Curious Botanist: A Tercentenial Reappraisal of John Bartram 1699-1777 , Memoirs of the American Philosophical Soci- ety, Vol. 249. Library Company of Philadelphia and John Bartram Association. pp. 139-154. The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  24. Ehret, G.D. (1748-1759). Plantae et Papiliones Rariores Depictae et Aeri Incisae. Ehret, London.
  25. Ewan, J. (1977). Josiah Hale M.D., Louisiana botanist, Rafinesque's pupil. Journal for the Society for Bibliography of Natural History 8(3): 235-243.
  26. Ewan, J.A. (2005). Notes on Louisiana botany and botanists 1718-1975. Sida 21(4): 2275-2296.
  27. Feduccia, J.A. (1985). Catesby's Birds of Colonial America. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  28. Fries, T.M. (2011). Linnaeus Edited and Translated by B. D. Jackson. Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.
  29. Furber, R. (1727). A Catalogue of English and Foreign Trees. published by the author, Kensington near London.
  30. Furber, R. (1730-1732). Twelve Months of Flowers. Kensington, London.
  31. Furber, R. (1732). The Flower Garden Display'd in above Four Hundred Curi- ous Representations of the Most Beautiful Flowers Regularly Dispos'd in the Respective Months of their Blossom. T. Hazard, R. Montagu, W. Bickerton, R. Chandler & Caesar Wood, London.
  32. Furber, R. (1733). A Short Introduction to Gardening or a Guide to Gentlemen and Ladies in Furnishing their Gardens. H. Woodfall, London.
  33. Gorham, G.C. (1830). Memoirs of John Martyn F.R.S., and of Thomas Mar- tyn, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. Professors of Botany in the University of Cambridge.
  34. Hatchard & Son, London; Deighton, Cambridge; Emery, St. Neot's; Ibbs, Kimbolton.
  35. Griffiths, M. (2007). Clifford's Banana: How Natural History was Made in a Garden. The Linnean Special Issue Number 7. The Linnean Society of London. pp. 19-36. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
  36. Harskamp, J. (2012). From Landbeach to Linnaeus: A Guest Post by Jaap Harskamp. Cambridge University Library Special Collections https://specialcollections.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=3147.
  37. Harvey, J.H. (1974). Early Nurserymen. Phillimore & Co. Ltd, London and Chichester.
  38. Henrey, B. (1975). British Botanical and Horticultural Literature before 1800, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
  39. Henrey, B. (1986). No Ordinary Gardener. Thomas Knowlton 1691-1781. British Museum (Natural History), London.
  40. Hunting, P. (2002). Isaac Rand and the Apothecaries' Physic Garden in Chelsea. Garden History 30(1): 1-23.
  41. Jackson, B.D. (1926). The visit of Carl Linneaus to England in 1736. Svenska Linné-Sållskapets Årsskrift 9: 1-11.
  42. Laird, M. (2002). The culture of horticulture: class, consumption and gender in the English landscape garden. In: Conan, M. (ed.). Bour- geois and Aristocratic Cultural Encounters in Garden Art, 1550-1850, Vol. 23. Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture. pp. 220-254. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington DC.
  43. Le Rougetel, H. (1990). The Chelsea Gardener, Philip Miller 1691-1771. British Museum (Natural History), London.
  44. Li, J., Jiang, J.-H., Fu, C.-X. & Tang, S.-Q. (2014). Molecular systemat- ics and biogeography of Wisteria inferred from nucleotide sequences of nuclear and chloroplast genes. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 52(1): 40-50.
  45. Lindeboom, G.A. (1974). Boerhaave and Great Britain. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
  46. Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systema Naturae. Theodorum Hark, Typographia Joannis Wilhelmi de Groot, Lugduni-Batavorum [Leiden].
  47. Linnaeus, C. (1737). Genera Plantarum. Ed. 1. Conradum Wishoff, Lugduni-Batavorum [Leiden].
  48. Linnaeus, C. (1738). Hortus Cliffortianus. George Clifford, Amste- laedami [Amsterdam].
  49. Linnaeus, C. (1748). Hortus Upsaliensis. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm].
  50. Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Ed. 1(2). Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm].
  51. Linnaeus, C. (1763). Species Plantarum. Ed. 2(2). Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm].
  52. Marshall, J.B. (1978). The handwriting of Joseph Banks, his scientific staff and amanuenses. Bulletin of the British Museum, Botany Series 6(1): 1-85.
  53. Martyn, J. (1726). Tabulae Synopticae Plantarum Officinalium ad Methodum Raianum Dispositae. G. Strahn, J. Innys & C. Rivington, London.
  54. Martyn, J. (1728-1737). Historia Plantarum Rariorum. Richard Reily, London.
  55. McBurney, H. (1997). Mark Catesby's Natural History of America, the Water- colours from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle with an Introductory Essay by Amy R. W. Meyers, the Perfecting of Natural History. Merrell Holberton, London; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
  56. McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud'homme van Reine, W.F., Smith, G.F., Wiersema, J.H. &
  57. Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (Melbourne Code), Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 154. Koeltz Scientific Books, ARG Gantner Verlag, Koenigstein, Germany.
  58. Meyers, A.R.W. & Pritchard, M.B. (1998). Empire's Nature: Mark Catesby's New World Vision. University of Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  59. Miller, P. (1724). The Gardeners and Florists Dictionary, or a Complete System of Horticulture. 2 Vols. Charles Rivington, London.
  60. Miller, P. (ed.) (1730a). Catalogus Plantarum, tum Exoticarum tum Domes- ticarum, quae in Hortis Haud Procul a Londino Sitis in Venditionem Propa- gantur . Society of Gardeners, London.
  61. Miller, P. (1730b). Catalogus Plantarum Officinalium quae in Horto Botan- ico Chelseyano. Company of Apothecaries, London.
  62. Miller, P. (1731). The Gardener's Dictionary. Ed.
  63. C. Rivington, London.
  64. Miller, P. (1732). The Gardener's Kalender, Directing What Works are Neces- sary to be Done. C. Rivington, London.
  65. Miller, P. (1745). In: van Eems, J. (ed.). Groot en Allgemeen Kruidkundig, Hoveniers, en Bloemisten Woordenboek. Pieter vander Eyk & Jakob vander Kluis P. Z., Leiden.
  66. Miller, P. (1754). The Gardener's Dictionary (Abridged). Ed. 4(2). John & James Rivington, London.
  67. Miller, P. (1760). Figures of the Most Beautiful, Useful and Uncommon Plants Described in the Gardeners Dictionary … . John Rivington, London.
  68. Miller, P. (1768). The Gardeners Dictionary. Ed. 8. John & Francis Riving- ton, London.
  69. Nuttall, T. (1818). Wisteria Nutt. In: Genera of North American Plants, Vol. 2: 115. D. Heartt, Philadelphia.
  70. Poiret, J.L.M. & Lamarck, J.-B.d. (1823). Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Règnes de la Nature, Vol. 3. Mme V. Agasse, Paris.
  71. Pulteney, R. (1805). In: Maton, W.G. (ed.). A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus. Ed. 2. J. Mawman, London.
  72. Rafinesque, C.S. (1808). Prospectus of Mr Rafinesque Schmaltz's two intended works on North American Botany. In: Mitchill, S.L. & Miller, E. (eds). Medical Repository. Hexade 2, Vol. 5. Collins & Perkins, New York. pp. 350-356.
  73. Rand, I. (1730). Index Plantarum Officinalium. J. Whiston, London.
  74. Rand, I. (1739). Horti Medici Chelseiani Index Compendarius. G. Straban & J. Whiston, London.
  75. Reveal, J.L. (1983). Significance of pre-1753 botanical explorations in temperate North America on Linnaeus' first edition of Species plan- tarum. Phytologia 53(1): 1-96.
  76. Reveal, J.L. (1997). Typification of Glycine frutescens L. In: Turland, N. & Jarvis, C. (eds). Typification of Linnaean Specific and Varietal Names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Taxon, Vol. 46(3): 470, 457-485. IAPT [International Association of Plant Taxonomists] Dept. of Botany, Bratislava, Slovakia.
  77. Rogers, J. (1839). The Vegetable Cultivator. Memoirs of Philip Miller, F.R.S. Formerly Gardener to the Company of Apothecaries at their Botanical garden, Chelsea. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. pp. 335-343.
  78. van Royen, A. (1740). Florae Leydensis Prodromus. Samuelen Luchtmans, Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden].
  79. Rutgers, J. (2008). Linnaeus in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor Skandi- navistiek 29: 103-116.
  80. Small, J.K. (1923). The land of the question mark. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 24: 7.
  81. Smith, J.E. (1821). A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists from the Original Manuscripts, Vol. 1. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London.
  82. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, S. (1976). Taxonomic Literature, Vol. 1: A-G. Reg- num Vegetabile. Ed. 2, Vol. 94. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht.
  83. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, S. (1981). Taxonomic Literature, Vol. 3: LH-O. Reg- num Vegetabile. Ed. 2, Vol. 105. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht and W. Junk, b.v. The Hague.
  84. Stearn, W.T. (1990). The botanical importance of Philip Miller's Pub- lications [Essay] in Le Rougetel, H. (1990). In: The Chelsea Gardener, Philip Miller 1691-1771, pp. 169-189. British Museum (Natural History), London.
  85. Stungo, R. (1993). The Royal Society specimens from the Chelsea Physic Garden 1722-1799. Notes & Records of the Royal Society of London 47(2): 213-224.
  86. Turner, D. (ed.) (1835). Extracts from the Literary and Scientific Correspon- dence of Richard Richardson M.D., F.R.S. Charles Sloman, Yarmouth.
  87. Ward, J.C. (1972). The History of Old Thorndon Hall. Essex County Records Office Publications Number 61. Essex County Council, Chelmsford.
  88. Willson, E.J. (1982). West London Nursery Gardens: the Nursery Gardens of Chelsea, Fulham, Hammersmith, Kensington and Part of Westminster Founded before 1900. Fulham & Hammersmith Historical Society. Morganprint (Blackheath Ltd.), London.
  89. Woodward, B.B. (1897). In: Lee, S. (ed.) 1897. Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 52. Smith, Elder & Co, London.