Continous Nerve Block of the Thoracic Limb in Horses (original) (raw)
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Acta Scientiae Veterinariae
Background: Local anesthesia blockage at equines claudication diagnosis besides favoring the beginning of the therapy and relieving patient’s pain, it allows the identification of the specific affected region and its origin, however, if it is done incorrectly (by improper volume of anesthetics application and/or mistakenly nerve identification due to the lack of anatomic referential) it may cause inflammation, infection or even tissue necrosis. The aim was describing anatomically lateral and medial palmar metacarpal nerves in equines to improve diagnostic anesthetic block techniques on four metacarpophalangeal articulation joints of the specie.Materials, Methods & Results: A number of 20 thoracic limbs from 10 equines of indeterminate breed were used to be fixated in 10% phormaldehyde and with a marked arterial system by water solution of red dyed latex. The structures were identified by dissection, and their denomination bases on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (N.A.V.) by the Interna...
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche vétérinaire, 2010
The purpose of this investigation was to study lateral palmar nerve (LPN) and medial palmar nerve (MPN) morphology and determine nociception and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) following placement of continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) catheters along LPN and MPN with subsequent bupivacaine (BUP) infusion. Myelinated nerve fiber distribution in LPN and MPN was examined after harvesting nerve specimens in 3 anesthetized horses and processing them for morphometric analysis. In 5 sedated horses, CPNB catheters were placed along each PN in both forelimbs. Horses then received in one forelimb 3 mL 0.125% BUP containing epinephrine 1:200 000 and 0.04% NaHCO(3) per catheter site followed by 2 mL/h infusion over a 6-day period, while in the other forelimb equal amounts of saline (SAL) solution were administered. The hoof withdrawal response (HWR) threshold during pressure loading of the area above the dorsal coronary band was determined daily in both forelimbs. On day 6 SNCV w...
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2020
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Development of a peripheral nerve stimulator-guided technique for equine pudendal nerve blockade
The Veterinary Journal, 2016
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a procedure for equine pudendal nerve block using a peripheral nerve locator. In the first experiment, six ponies were used to determine the relationship between elicited muscle contractions (anal, perineal or both) and nerves serving the perineal region (pudendal, caudorectal and perineal nerves) when methylene blue dye was injected using the electrolocation technique. This experiment showed that the pudendal nerve was approached effectively when both anal and perineal twitch were elicited during electrolocation. In a second experiment, seven Thoroughbred horses were used to evaluate the appropriate volume of anaesthetic solution for the nerve block. Immediately after euthanasia, lidocaine/methylene blue solution was injected after positive electrolocation. A stained segment of 2 cm or more of the nerve was considered effective and this was evaluated after dissection. Both 10 and 20 mL per injection site resulted in effective nerve staining. Finally, pudendal nerve block was performed and evaluated in 27 horses admitted for selected reproductive surgical procedures including perineoplasty, urethroplasty, clitorectomy in mares and penile examination, phallectomy and urethrostomy in geldings. Surgical time varied from several minutes to 3 h. The choice between lidocaine, mepivacaine or bupivacaine was based on the duration of analgesia required. In mares and males, a volume of 20 mL and 10 mL, respectively, was injected per site. The use of a peripheral nerve stimulator-guided pudendal nerve block is a feasible, safe and reliable alternative for both epidural and general anaesthesia, to provide peri-operative analgesia in clinical equine patients undergoing specific reproductive surgeries.
Mepivacaine local anaesthetic duration in equine palmar digital nerve blocks
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010
Reasons for performing study: Perineural analgesics are used for lameness diagnosis but the duration of effect, knowledge of which would provide valuable information when performing subsequent blocks, is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the duration of a palmar digital nerve block using force plate measurements. Methods: Ten horses diagnosed with unilateral navicular syndrome were trotted at range of 3 ± 0.15 m/sec over a force plate to record ground reaction forces for 5 trials of each forelimb. Data were recorded before nerve block, and then at 15 mins, 1, 2 and 24 h post nerve block. Results: Before nerve block, peak vertical force (mean ± s.e.) was significantly higher in the contralateral forelimb (CL = 5345 ± 188 N) than in the lame forelimb (L = 4256 ± 204 N; P<0.05). At 15 mins post nerve block there was no significant difference between the 2 forelimbs (CL = 5140 ± 184 N; L = 5126 ± 129 N), and this remained the case for 1 h. By 2 h, the mean score for the lame leg had decreased (L = 4642 ± 182 N) but was still greater than preblock. By 24 h, vertical forces had returned to preblock values. Conclusions: The palmar digital nerve block was fully effective between 15 mins and 1 h. The analgesic effect began to subside between 1 and 2 h but sufficient analgesia persisted to affect gait characteristics beyond 2 h. Potential relevance: When using a palmar digital nerve block, it is important to perform lameness evaluations between 15 mins and 1 h to be sure of effective nerve blockade.