Nanocrystal conversion chemistry: A unified and materials-general strategy for the template-based synthesis of nanocrystalline solids (original) (raw)

Chemical transformations of nanostructured materials

Nano Today, 2011

Chemical transformation of existing inorganic nanostructures from one material into another represents a straightforward, versatile, and effective approach to nanomaterial synthesis. This approach has received increasing attention in recent years. As a unique feature, this apporach allows one to easily and independently control the chemical compositions, structures, and morphologies of nanostructured materials. This article reviews recent progress in this area by dividing the reactions into four catagories -formation of alloy, galvanic replacement, cation exchange, and anion exchange -according to the type of reaction involved. We discuss current understanding of the thermodynamic parameters and kinetic aspects, followed by highlights of a variety of relavant synthetic strategies and examples. We also discuss the possible contributions of this approach to the synthesis of novel nanomaterials and perspectives on their technological impacts.

Exploring New Synthetic Strategies for the Production of Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanocrystals

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 2015

The design of new protocols for the colloidal synthesis of complex nanocrystals (NCs) with advanced functionalities, comprising both hybrid and hollow structures, and the study of their fundamental properties is of paramount importance for the development of a new generation of nanostructured materials. The possibility of tailoring the dimensional regime of NCs, along with its composition and structure, represents a landmark achievement in the control of their unique physico-chemical properties. These properties, alongside with the ability to cheaply produce high quality NCs in fairly large amounts by wetchemistry techniques, leads to their potential applicability from materials science to nanomedicine. Within this context, this review is focused on describing a successful framework for designing synthetic strategies for the production of advanced complex NCs, integrating the development of new synthetic methods with its structural characterization, monitoring of their properties, and study of its reactivity. As a result, it is expected to provide new routes to produce robust and easy-to-process NCs in a wide range of sizes, shapes and configurations that can be explored to achieve the combination of all degrees of control, aiming to produce a complete and diverse library of material combinations that will expand its applicability in a wide diversity of fields.

Synthesis, properties and perspectives of hybrid nanocrystal structures

Chemical Society Reviews, 2006

Current efforts and success of nanoscale science and technology are related to the fabrication of functional materials and devices in which the individual units and their spatial arrangement are engineered down to the nanometer level. One promising way of achieving this goal is by assembling colloidal inorganic nanocrystals as the novel building blocks of matter. This trend has been stimulated by significant advances in the wet-chemical syntheses of robust and easily processable nanocrystals in a wide range of sizes and shapes. The increase in the degree of structural complexity of solution-grown nanostructures appears to be one of the natural directions towards which nanoscience will increasingly orient. Recently, several groups have indeed devised innovative syntheses of nanocrystals through which they have been able to group inorganic materials with different properties in the same particle. These approaches are paving the way to the development of nanosized objects able to perform multiple technological tasks. In this critical review (165 references), we will summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals, with emphasis on the strategies followed for the fabrication of nanoheterostructures, as well as on their properties and the perspectives in this field.

Solid State Reaction Method for Nanomaterials Synthesis: A Comprehensive Review on Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Springer Proceedings in Materials, 2024

The solid state reaction (SSR) method, which is widely used in materials science and chemistry, can be used to synthesize a wide variety of compounds, including ceramics, intermetallics, and oxides. This comprehensive work provides a general overview of the approach, along with a discussion of its guiding principles and applications in the synthesis of new materials. Direct interaction between solid reactants at high temperatures, usually in a controlled environment or under pressure, is the foundation of the SSR process. Diffusion, crystalline development, and internal solid-phase chemical processes are the foundations of this approach. Some common steps in a solid state reaction, like reactant mixing, heating, and cooling are described in the overview. The importance of temperature profiles, stoichiometry, and precursor choice in determining the calibre of the final product is emphasized. In this review, various materials that can be produced using the solid state reaction approach are examined. This includes ceramic superconductors, phosphors, batteries, catalysts and battery components. Characterizing methods for measuring the phase purity and inspecting the microstructure of solid state reaction products, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopy techniques are emphasized. The review talks about how the solid state reaction process affects the environment and emphasizes how solvent-free it may be. This requires the development of novel precursor materials, the use of state-of-the-art characterization techniques, and the use of computer modeling in order to produce new materials with specified properties.

Nanocrystal Synthesis within Solid-State Confinement

Crimson Publishers LLC, 2020

Due to wide ranging technological applications and intriguing physicochemical properties, synthesis of nanocrystals (NCs) has been immensely active area of research. The properties in nanoscale are severely affected by the architecture and compositions of the NCs and these parameters can be tailored by understanding the complex nanostructure-growth mechanisms and their precise engineering. To date, solution-based methods, generating nanostructures with variable dimensionality and complexity have been significantly progressed, which require rigorous control of reaction-conditions with the use of surfactants and difficulty in synthesizing multicomponent-NCs with incompatible interfaces [1]. To synthesize multicomponent-NCs, other approaches through a process of chemical etching, galvanic chemistry, ion-exchange, with atomic diffusion-mediated nanoscale Kirkendall effect to synthesize multicomponent-NCs have been employed [2,3]. Recently another strategies by utilizing variety of hollow and confined nanostructures have been explored, giving rise to chemical reactions and growing metal NCs within their well-protected confined environment, high surface area, controllable interior access, and solution-partition [4,5]. These, the 'rattle' or 'yolk-shell' nano-structures where small NCs are confined within a hollow-porous shell have been intensively investigated [6-9]. Due to tedious multistep processes of the aforementioned approaches, research groups have employed ship-in-a-bottle method, producing NCs inside hollow silica microsphere [10-13]. Although traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction route allows

2D molecular precursor for a one-pot synthesis of semiconducting metal sulphide nanocrystals

Bulletin of Materials Science, 2018

2D molecular materials, namely, metal alkyl thiolates, have been used as a single-source precursor for the synthesis of semiconducting metal sulphide nanocrystals (NCs) by thermal decomposition. These 2D molecular precursors have all the ingredients required for metal sulphide synthesis (metal source, sulphur source and protecting ligand). In this study, we demonstrate a simple and general 'solvothermal decomposition' approach for the synthesis of high-quality Cu 2 S, PbS, CdS, MnS and ZnS NCs. The size of the NC can also be controlled by changing the decomposition temperature. Furthermore, the optical properties of the NCs have also been studied.