Soil Classification Through Penetration Tests (original) (raw)
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Soil Classification Methodology : Critical Analysis
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We know that the soil is a material that has a wide dispersion of characteristics tied, mainly to its granulometry, its mineralogical constitution, and its water percentage. For its identification, several researchers in the field, have proposed different types of classifications for several decades. The objective of the classification is to standardize the naming of soils for their identification. Hence, the relevance of a classification depends directly on the characteristics on which it was made. Many classification methods have been based on granulometric analysis and the Atterberg limits. But the ones compared to the others, present insufficiencies, being able to prove worthless, or even dangerous, if the characteristics on which they rest have not been studied precisely. The purpose of this study is to establish a critical inventory of soil classification methods most commonly used in engineering.
Use of Static Cone Penetration Test for Classification of Local Soils
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This paper presents an updated and modified version of a previously developed numerical soil classification method based on analysis of data from the static cone penetration test CPT. Relevant data was obtained in the study for over 900 samples representing various soil types collected from many sites located in different parts of Sudan. Classification of studied soils was made according to the Unified System for Classifying Soils (USCS) using the results of standard tests performed in the laboratory on representative samples. The cone resistance q c and friction ratio R f were obtained for each soil type from CPT soundings made adjacent to boreholes at the same sample depths in each site. The ‘discriminant’ concept of statistical analysis was employed for proposing a numerical classification method that assigns a given soil to one of five main groups selected on soil type basis following the USCS scheme. A computer program that automatically predicts the type of penetrated soil ac...
Use of CPT and CPTu for soil profiling of “intermediate” soils: a new approach
Cone penetration tests (CPT and CPTu) are well-established in situ test methods for site characterization. Tip resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs) and (in the case of CPTu) the pore water pressure (u) are continuously measured during penetration. The indicated parameters are used to empirically infer soil profiling through the use of soil classification charts. Several classification charts, based on different database (
The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
Road design is a complex, time-consuming, and very responsible process. To develop a high-quality and viable road project, it is very important to start with an accurate geological survey in order to define the best road layout. Moreover, the geotechnical characterisation of foundation soils and construction materials as well as the analysis and assessment of geotechnical works are mandatory. Laboratory and in situ investigations are complementary and should be carried out by defining a cost-effective investigation campaign. Most often, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) or Cone (static) Penetration Test (CPT) are performed because they are economic and quick. In addition, it is also possible to perform the Marchetti Dilatometer Test (DMT). From the obtained test results, the data are interpreted by determining the properties of the soil layers. Although all probing methods are similar, each of them gives slightly different results. The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the r...
Soil characteristics analysis based on the unified soil classification system
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The purpose of this research is to determine soil classification and identify the swelling potential of soil clay in the Jababeka I (sample 1) and the Lippo Cikarang (sample 2), Indonesia. The research was carried out by the experimental method. Soil classification based on the Unified Soil Classification Systems (USCS) determined by No.200 sieve analysis and A-chart (LL vs PI chart), while based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Soil Classification System (AASTHO), classification determined by No.200 sieve analysis, liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI). The results show the soils are clay of high plasticity (CH) in determining of the USCS, whereas in AASTHO, the soils are A7-6, which means clay of high plasticity. Furthermore, the swelling potential or expansion potential of clay is determined by indirect methods namely by the results of LL, PI, SL, and percentage of the passing of sieve No.200. Moreover, consolidation test is also car...
Evaluation of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Classification Methods for some Local Soils
The paper presents a comparison between soil classification based on the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) charts reported in the literature and the actual soil classification obtained by direct boring and laboratory test results. Three sites in Khartoum state, resembling 3 different soil types, were chosen . Boreholes were drilled using conventional soil mechanics rigs. CPT Soundings were performed at each site very near to the positions of the boreholes. The soil classification predicted by the theoretical approaches was compared with the observed soil borehole logs obtained by direct boring and laboratory tests. It is concluded that non of the theoretical approaches gave satisfactory results for the three soil stratification observed in the actual bore holes at the three locations in Khartoum state. Hence further research is recommended for correlating CPT results and soil stratification in different types of soils in Khartoum State.
Thirty-five years teaching soil classification to MSc fellows, mainly from developing countries, allows one to detect where the main problems are when young soil scientists are trying to use the standard handbooks for soil classification. Although the quality of these documents has increased in the last 25 years, still much can be improved. Mainly the index, the glossary and the redaction of the diagnostic requirements for horizons, materials, properties and taxa can still be markedly improved. Comprehensive studies by MSc and PhD research in soil classification allow one to conclude that the soil databases are mostly very poor. Missing and unreliable field and laboratory data for classifying soils are detected in nearly all the pedon databases. A method is proposed to lessen this major problem. This procedure will also permit improved recording of soil data in the future. It is also observed that soil scientists, in general, proceed too fast when they check the soil data for classification purposes.