Morphological diversities and associated preference traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) landraces from central and southern Benin (original) (raw)
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Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 2020
Background Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oilseed legumes contributing to food security and poverty reduction in Benin. Unfortunately, several constraints hamper peanut production in Benin leading to a low yield. Knowing that seed is crucial for increase agricultural productivity, a good knowledge of on-farm management of grown peanut diversity and uses that allow its maintenance in traditional Beninese agriculture are prerequisites to establish an e cient breeding and conservation programs. Therefore, this study aim to document peanut varietal diversity, folk nomenclature, seed system, storage constraints, seeds pest management practices, varietal preference criteria, cultural taboos and uses in southern and central Benin. Methods Two hundred and sixteen (216) farmers were surveyed through 32 villages in southern and central Benin using research tools and techniques of rural appraisal such as eld visits, group surveys and individual surveys using a questionnaire. Results Fifty-four peanut folk varieties grouped into 8 morphotypes based on the seed characteristics were registered in the study area. All local names given to peanut folk varieties by ethnic groups have meaning. The number of folk varieties maintained per village ranged from 1 to 11 (an average of 4) and varied between 1 and 4 per household. Some peanut producers reported the disappearance of some folk varieties. The drop in yield was the main reason of peanut varietal disappearance in the study area. Rodent attacks were the most important constraints of peanut production in the study area. Varietal preference criteria varied from ethnic groups with seed size and many pod/seeds per plant as the main preferred traits. Peanut seed system was mainly informal. For peanut seed conservation, farmers use various storage tools. To alleviate pest problems in stored peanut, producers used plant biocides and synthetic chemicals. Some cultural taboos and various uses (food, feed and medicinal) of peanuts have been recorded in the southern and central Benin. Conclusions Our results suggest that for boost peanut production in central and southern Benin, breeders must create high yielding peanut varieties. For the adoption of these new varieties, it is important to take in account the preference varietal criteria of each ethnic group. To a good estimation of peanut diversity in the study area, morphological and molecular characterizations were recommended.
Association of Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia
Article, 2023
The study was conducted to estimate correlation coefficients and direct and indirect effects by path analysis for pod yield per plant and its components by using 64 Peanut genotypes. In the current study, peanut genotypes were assessed for quantitative and qualitative traits during the main cropping season of 2021/22 in the North, Western Ethiopia Metekel zone at Pawe Agricultural Research Centre. The experiment was carried out to assess 64 Peanut genotypes in an 8x8 simple lattice design to generate information on the association of yield and yield-related traits and to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on kernel yield. Data were recorded for 14 traits and subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA using SAS software version 9.4. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between kernel yield per hectare and harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, and shelling percentage at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, respectively which revealed the true relationship between the traits Path analysis was divided into direct and indirect effects for various characters for the kernel yield per hectare. At the phenotypic level, days to maturity, oil content, and shelling percentage had the largest positive direct effects on kernel yield, whereas pod yield and shelling percentage had the highest positive direct effects at the genotypic level. The result indicated that there is a good opportunity to improve kernel yield using the tested genotypes in Peanut breeding programs Therefore, emphasis should be given to pod yield followed by days to maturity, and shelling percentage to increase kernel yield production.
Genetic variability studies in large seeded peanut (Arachis hypogaea L
The present investigation was carried out with 66 genotypes of peanut, pooled from ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, ARS, Kadiri and RARS, Tirupati and experiment laid out in a randomized block design with two replications at Agricultural College farm, Bapatla, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during kharif-2019 to study the genetic variability on 21 characters of peanut. For all of the traits, analysis of variance revealed that the mean sums of squares owing to genotypes were significant.. Results of genetic parameters showed that traits viz., number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, kernel weight per plant, 100 seed weight, free amino acids, total soluble sugars and oleic linoleic acid ratio showed high genetic variability (GCV and PCV), high heritability (Hbs) coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM), indicating the predominance of additive gene action in these traits. Direct selections for higher phenotypic values of these traits will be effective in improvement of these characters among the genotypes.
2021
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a worldwide popular oilseed. In Burkina Faso, production fluctuates from year to year. This fluctuation in yield is linked to the biotic factors which constitute the major constraints of peanuts. To this end, many breeding programs have been set up to select disease-resistant varieties to improve yields. It is with this in mind that this work focused a genetic analysis of traits related to leaf spot resistance of groundnuts. This study was to evaluate the performance of groundnut genotypes of Indian origin, through field screening to identify leafs spot resistant genotypes with good performance. The experimental device was in a completely randomized Fisher block with three repetitions. After setting up the trial, severity of the disease, percentage of defoliation and yield components were noted. Data from all observations were analyzed using the XLSTAT Pro.1 static analysis software. Statistical analysis of the obtained results showed a significant di...
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most significant oil seed crop of the world and the second most important source of vegetable oil in Ethiopia. But productivity is insufficient as compared to the world average productivity because of low genetic variability, biotic and abiotic stress, and poor seed system. This experiment was designed to evaluate genetic variability for 64 groundnut genotypes using 8x8 simple lattice design at Pawe northwestern Ethiopia, in 2021/22.The objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic variability among the genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed that, there was highly significant difference among the sixty four genotypes for all traits studied. Kernel yield showed the highest GCV and PCV values, while the lowest was seen in the shelling %.Harvest index (41.13), number of branches per plant (39.79), number of pods per plant (42.96), hundred seed weight (42.70), kernel yield (41.97), biomass yield (41.78), and pod yield (42.96) all showed moderate heritability and high genetic progress as a percentage of the mean (35.55). The results of this study showed that the genotypes had enough variation, therefore there was a good chance of identifying genotypes for future breeding programs that would be promising.
Multivariate Analyses of Yield and Its Components in Some Peanut Genotypes
Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
Aims: For proposing a statistical approach to select of the most promising genotypes for peanut breeding program. Place and Duration of Study: Twenty peanut genotypes were evaluated at Matana Agricultural Station Research, Luxor governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019. Study Design: In a randomized complete block design with three replications. Methodology: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficients, factor analysis, cluster method and some genetic parameters for seed yield and its components were calculated. Results: Results revealed that significant differences among the tested genotypes for the eight studied traits. Correlation coefficients indicated that seed yield was significantly correlated with all traits except plant height. Meanwhile, factor analysis was used to remove multi-collinearity problems, to simplify the complex relationships and to reduce variables number (into three extracted factors). 100-seed weight, number of branches/plant, 100-pod weight and see...
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011
Peanut is gaining importance more for its confectionery and nutritive values than for its oil content around the world. Improving confectionery qualities is an added advantage for farming community. Hence, in the present study, multivariate analytical tools were used to identify parents with complementary traits for using them in breeding programme. PCA revealed contribution of pod yield, 100-seed weight, oil content, and O/L ratio towards variance. Pod yield was positively associated with 100-seed weight, oil and protein contents. Oil content had weak association with protein content, oleic acid and O/L ratio. UPGMA clustering revealed grouping of cultivars based on origin and its area recommendation. Cultivars superior for yield (GPBD-4, M-28-2 and JL 24) and confectionery traits (S-230 and Dh-8) were identified. Strong positive relation of yield with confectionery traits indicates possibility of breeding high yielding confectionery grade cultivars. Multivariate analytical tools could be used to identify parents for location specific breeding for improvement of Confectionary traits.
2018
—The study was conducted in the experimental field of IPGR Sadovo in the period 2016-2017. Three peanut varieties type Valencia from the Bulgarian breeding program: Kalina, Kremena and Tsvetelina, are morphologically assessed. The aim of the study is to establish the possibility of genetic control over indicators directly related to productivity. The influence of the variety, the impact of the climate and the growing conditions, as well as the effect of the two factors on gynophores number, the fruit number and their weight were investigated. The relations between the studied signs are clarified. The components of the variation, phenotypic and genotypic variance are evaluated. The genetic progress and the genetic progress as a percentage of the mean are defined. The results show that the conditions of the environment are the strongest sources of variation for the studied signs. The gynophores number and the fruit number per plant are in direct positive relation to the fruit weight per plant as an element of the yield. In the studied components of the yield there is no possibility for genetic control. Their manifestation depends on applied agro-technology and the meteorological conditions. The future breeding work for obtaining high-yield peanut varieties requires finding out signs indirectly related to increasing the fruit weight per plant and possessing genetic control.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science
This study aims to evaluate yield and yield components in several peanut lines planted in West Java, Indonesia. The genetic materials tested involved 21 genotypes consisting of 18 potential peanut lines (G100, G133, G142, G144, G199, G205, G209, G21, G234, G237, G33, G37, G41, G53, G54, G76, G84, G99) from a selection of 5 biparental population (GWS79A1/”Zebra”, “Jerapah”/GWS79A1, “Zebra”/GWS79A1, GWS79A1/”Jerapah”, “Zebra”/GWS18A1) and 3 comparative varieties (“Gajah”, “Sima”, and “Zebra”) as controls. Results showed that various genotypes have significant effects on plant height (at 9 and 10 WAP), number of branches (at 4, 10, and 12 WAP), flowering age, and harvest age. Some potential lines showed ideal characters expected of a high quality peanut plant. Based on characters such as harvest age, dry pod weight, and productivity, G100, G41, G21, G205, and G84 can be considered the best potential lines. These lines demonstrated high heritability values including characters classifie...