Evaluation of psychometric properties and factorial structure of the pre-school child behaviour checklist at the Kenyan Coast (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Lancet Psychiatry, 2017
Background Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotional problems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast. Methods We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS, a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital). We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions. Findings 3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 12-14), for externalising problems was 10% (9-11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21-24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems (21%, 20-23), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale was anxiety problems (13%, 12-14). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 5•68, 95% CI 3•22-10•03), perinatal complications (4•34, 3•21-5•81), seizure disorders (2•90, 2•24-3•77), and house status (0•11, 0•08-0•14). Seizure disorders, burn marks, and respiratory problems were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems. Interpretation Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identifi ed and addressed in young children. Funding Wellcome Trust.
Screening Child Social-emotional and Behavioral Functioning in Low-Income African Country Contexts
Background: Increased attention is being paid to identifying and responding to the social-emotional and behavioral needs of children in low-income countries (LICs). Currently, there is little information available on the use of brief screening instruments in LICs. The lack of psychometrically sound brief assessment tools creates a challenge in determining the population prevalence of child social-emotional and behavioral risk burden in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) country contexts. This study sought to determine the reliability and validity of three brief parent-rated screening tools-the Social Competence Scale (SCS), Pictorial Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-in Uganda. These tools consider both strength- and pathology-based dimensions of child outcomes. Methods: Parents of 154 Ugandan 5-9 year-old children who were enrolled in Nursery to Primary 3 in Kampala (the capital city of Uganda) and part of a school-based mental health intervention trial were recruited and interviewed. About 54% of parents had educational attainment of primary school level or less. One hundred and one of these parents were interviewed a second time, about 5 months after the first/baseline assessment. Data from both time points were utilized to assess reliability and validity. Results: Inspection of psychometric properties supports the utility of these three brief screening measures to assess children’s social-emotional and behavioral functioning as demonstrated by adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity. Subscales from three screening measures were inter-related and associated with family characteristics, such as parental depression and food insecurity, in the expected directions. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the appropriateness of using three tools and applying the developmental and behavioral constructs measured in each assessment in a low-income African setting.
2021
ObjectiveBehavioural screening tools may be used to identify at-risk children in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The ASEBA forms (Child Behaviour Checklist and Youth Self-Report) are frequently translated and adapted for use in sub-Saharan African populations, but little is known about their measurement properties in these contexts.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of all published journal articles that used the ASEBA forms with sub-Saharan African samples. We evaluated the reported psychometric properties, as well as the methodological quality of the psychometric evaluations, using COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) guidelines.ResultsFifty-eight studies reported measurement properties of the ASEBA forms. Most studies came from Southern (n = 29, 50%) or East African (n = 25, 43%) countries. Forty-nine studies (84%) used translated versions of the tool, but details regarding the translation process, if availab...
BMC Pediatrics
Background: In low-resource settings, the lack of mental health professionals and cross-culturally validated screening instruments complicates mental health care delivery. This is especially the case for very young children. Here, we aimed to develop and cross-culturally validate a simple and rapid tool, the PSYCa 6-36, that can be administered by non-professionals to screen for psychological difficulties among children aged six to 36 months. Methods: A primary validation of the PSYCa 6-36 was conducted in Kenya (n = 319 children aged 6 to 36 months; 2014), followed by additional validations in Kenya (n = 215; 2014) Cambodia (n = 189; 2015) and Uganda (n = 182; 2016). After informed consent, trained interviewers administered the PSYCa 6-36 to caregivers participating in the study. We assessed the psychometric properties of the PSYCa 6-36 and external validity was assessed by comparing the results of the PSYCa 6-36 against a clinical global impression severity [CGIS] score rated by an independent psychologist after a structured clinical interview with each participant. Results: The PSYCa 6-36 showed satisfactory psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha > 0.60 in Uganda and > 0.70 in Kenya and Cambodia), temporal stability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.8), and inter-rater reliability (ICC from 0.6 in Uganda to 0.8 in Kenya). Psychologists identified psychological difficulties (CGIS score > 1) in 11 children (5.1%) in Kenya, 13 children (8.7%) in Cambodia and 15 (10.5%) in Uganda, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.65 in Uganda and 0.80 in Kenya and Cambodia. Conclusions: The PSYCa 6-36 allowed for rapid screening of psychological difficulties among children aged 6 to 36 months among the populations studied. Use of the tool also increased awareness of children's psychological difficulties and the importance of early recognition to prevent long-term consequences. The PSYCa 6-36 would benefit from further use and validation studies in popula`tions with higher prevalence of psychological difficulties.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1997
The cross-cultural validity of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 2-3 (CBCL/2-3) was tested in three Dutch samples of children referred to mental health services, from the general population, and from a twin study. Six scales were derived from factor analyses and labeled Oppositional, Aggressive, and Overactive, which constituted a broadband Externalizing grouping; Withdrawn/Depressed and Anxious, which constituted a broadband Internalizing grouping; and Sleep Problems. Internal consistencies of the scales, their test-retest reliabilities, interparent agreement, discriminative power, predictive relations with problem ratings 2 years later, and relations to other instruments designed to measure general development and behavior problems were adequate, and highly comparable to psychometric properties in American samples. It was concluded that across languages and cultures behavioral/emotional problems of young preschoolers may be adequately assessed with the CBCL/2-3.
European Journal of Education Studies, 2020
This descriptive survey sought to explore the type of children’s problem behaviour and classroom management strategies adopted by the selected schools in the Effutu Municipality. The study adopted the explanatory sequential mixed method design. Data was gathered through a semi-structured interview guide and questionnaire. The stratified sampling technique was used to aid in the selection of 15 Early Childhood Centres (ECC) from three circuits within the Effutu Municipality. Simple random sampling was used to select 45 respondents from the 15 selected early childhood schools to respond to the questionnaire while purposive sampling was used to sample 15 participants who were part of the 45 questionnaire respondents to answer semi-structured interview questions designed by the researchers. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Atlas ti software. It emerged from the findings that the predominant type of child...
2018
Elizabeth Akinyi Owino Abstract Overall life success requires that children have socio-emotional competence (SEC) amongst other skills. The effect of class size on children’s overall achievement continues to be a widely debated subject. The objective of this mixed methods study was to examine the influence of preschool class size on strategies used to scaffold SEC in children. A total of 301 preschool teachers purposively selected from 98 public and private preschools participated in the study; 6 preschool teachers were interviewed and 2 preschool classrooms observed. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklist and interview schedules. Data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results revealed that preschool class size did not have a significant influence on the strategies used to scaffold SEC in children. However, interviews and observations data showed that regardless of the class size, preschool teachers attempted to scaffold relationship management s...
BMC Public Health
Background The UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) assesses child functioning among children between 5 and 17 years of age. This study adapted and validated the CFM at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2018–January 2019 at the IM-HDSS. Respondents were caregivers of children between 5 and 17 years of age who were administered modified Washington Group short set (mWG-SS) and CFM. The responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted on child and caregiver demographic characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed underlying factor structure, dimensionality and factor loadings. Cronbach’s alpha was reported as an assessment of internal consistency. Face validity was assessed during the translation process, and concurrent validity of CFM was assessed through comparison with disability short form. Results Out...