Noninvasive evaluation of the correlation between thickness of the buccal bone and attached gingiva of maxillary premolars (original) (raw)

2018, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry

Objective: To noninvasively determine the relationship between the thickness of the buccal bone and attached gingiva of the maxillary premolars. Material and Methods: 128 maxillary premolars in 32 patients were assessed for measurement of buccal bone thickness and corresponding attached gingival thickness at 3 mm apical to cemento-enamel junction. Buccal bone thickness was measured on cone-beam computed tomography scans and attached gingival thickness by ultrasound unit. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between buccal bone and attached gingival thickness at each tooth type. Results: The mean buccal bone thickness at the maxillary premolars was 1.07 mm. The 1st premolars had a buccal bone thickness < 1 mm at 68% of all sites, and the 2nd premolars had a buccal bone thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm at 32% of all sites. The 1st premolars had a gingival thickness > 1.2 mm at 55% of all sites, and the 2nd premolars had a gingival thickness of 1.1-1.3 mm at 45% of all sites. The correlation between buccal bone and attached gingival thickness was moderately positive (r = 0.406; P < .001). Conclusions: The relationship between buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness is independent of each other in the maxillary right first premolar, whereas a moderate correlation with a dependent relation exists in the maxillary right second premolar, maxillary left first premolar, and maxillary left second premolar. Clinical Significance Soft tissue and hard tissue associated with volumetric changes in maxillary premolar region can be unfavorable for both aesthetic and implant placement. In fact this study highlighted the relationship between the thickness of attached gingiva and corresponding buccal bone in maxillary premolar region so to enable for proper planning of implant therapy following extraction. K E Y W O R D S buccal bone, attached gingiva, pre-molar, gingival thickness, bone thickness 1 | INTRODUCTION Clinically, great variation exists among humans with respect to the morphological characteristics of the periodontium. Numerous attempts have been made in the past to relate and describe the morphological characteristics of the periodontium. The relationship between morphological variations among subjects has been established with respect to bone morphotype, gingival morphotype, gingival thickness, and tooth dimensions. Recent reports have proposed that gingival thickness varies according to age, sex, and dental arch, with a thick gingival biotype seen in younger individuals and a thin gingival biotype seen in older individuals. 1 However, limited information is available regarding the relationship between buccal bone and gingival thickness because of the lack of a standardized measurement technique. 2-4 The recent introduction of the clinically sound and sophisticated cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has allowed the