A New Modified Staining Technique for Demonstration of Prototheca Spp. Algae on Paraffin Sections First Record (original) (raw)
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A New Staining Solution for the Prototheca Morphological Studies of Fungi and
A new staining solution named "PHOL" is described for studying the morphology of clinical and environmental isolates of fungi and Prototheca. In total 69 isolates were used for assessing the efficacy of this newly formulated stain. The solution has shown good ability to stain all 62 isolates of fungi and 7 of Prototheca, and thus helped in the identification of the organisms. The new solution has the potential to stain the young as wel! as old isolates of fungi and Prototheca. It is emphasized that a wider application of this newly introduced inexpensive and safe staining solution wM help the mycologists to study the morphological characteristics of yeast, moids, and Prototheca obtained from man, animats and environment.-KEy woRDs: fungus, morphology, Prototheca, staining solution.
A new staining solution for the morphological studies of fungi and Prototheca
A new staining solution named "PHOL" is described for studying the morphology of clinical and environmental isolates of fungi and Prototheca. In total 69 isolates were used for assessing the efficacy of this newly formulated stain. The solution has shown good ability to stain all 62 isolates of fungi and 7 of Prototheca, and thus helped in the identification of the organisms. The new solution has the potential to stain the young as wel! as old isolates of fungi and Prototheca. It is emphasized that a wider application of this newly introduced inexpensive and safe staining solution wM help the mycologists to study the morphological characteristics of yeast, moids, and Prototheca obtained from man, animats and environment.-KEy woRDs: fungus, morphology, Prototheca, staining solution.
Protothecosis: an emerging algal disease of humans and animals.
Protothecosis is an emerging environmental algal disease of humans, and animals caused by Prototheca species which are unicellular, achlorophyllous saprophytic algae. Human infections are primarily caused by P. wickerhamii, where as animal disease is mainly due to P. zopfii. The disease can occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic form, and is reported from many countries of the world including India. The source of infection is exogenous as the organism exists in the environment as saprobe. The exact route of infection is not clearly established. However, accidental inoculation of organism into the skin through wound or traumatic injury may result in cutaneous infection. In dairy animals, trauma to teats may predispose to mastitis. In humans, Prototheca mostly cause cutaneous infections, and olecranon bursitis with repeated traumatic inoculation. However, in immunosuppressed individuals, it can disseminate to viscera causing life threatening sepsis. Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis are the typical clinical presentation of systemic protothecosis. Direct detection of pathogen in clinical specimens, and its isolation in pure and luxuriant form still remains the main stay of confirming the diagnosis of disease. There are evidences to believe that saprobic environment may serve as source of infection to man and animal. Immediate attention to skin injury, prompt chemotherapy in immunocompromised patient, avoiding contact with stagnant water, good animal husbandry practices, and hygienic methods of milking will certainly reduce the prevalence of disease in humans and animals. It is recommended that ‘Narayan” stain should be widely employed in Public Health and Microbiology laboratories to study the morphology of Prototheca which are attributed in various clinical disorders of humans and animals. Further studies on the chemotherapy and epidemiology of protothecosis seem imperative to control this emerging algal disease.
Phenotypic Characteristics of Prototheca Species Occurring in Humans and Animals
Medical Mycology Journal, 2022
The genus Prototheca consists of achlorophyllic algae that are ubiquitous in the environment and also occur in animal intestines; occasionally, infections in humans and animals are observed. In this study, we conducted tests of assimilative abilities and thermotolerance in comparison with morphological characteristics of six opportunistic species (Prototheca blaschkeae, Prototheca bovis, Prototheca ciferrii, Prototheca cutis, Prototheca miyajii, and Prototheca wickerhamii) along with Prototheca paracutis. Five of the seven species could be differentiated by physiological characteristics, but P. wickerhamii and P. cutis had identical profiles. Of the cattle-associated species, only P. bovis was able to grow at 42°C. Both type strains of P. cutis and P. miyajii were most susceptible to ravuconazole compared with the other azoles.
Human Protothecosis: Case Report of a Rare Algal Infection
Journal of Dermatology Research, 2024
Protothecosis: is a rare disease caused by opportunistic algae infection of the genus Prototheca. An 84-year-old female patient has presented with an erythematous, infiltrated, papulopustular plaque with areas of central atrophy on the left forearm for the past 10 months. Histopathology revealed structures similar to morulae, corresponding to algae, and culture was positive for Prototheca spp. Itraconazole 200 mg/day was prescribed, resulting in improvement of cutaneous lesions. Protothecosis has a high potential for underreporting and misdiagnosis due to its rarity and clinical similarities with other dermatoses. The patient in this study presented a lesion in a typical area due to the ease of trauma and entry point, with a good therapeutic response to oral antifungal monotherapy.
Prototheca is a unicellular, achlorophillous, ubiquitary and saprophytic alga spread in the surrounding environment mostly in vastly damp locations in the presence of the organic matters. This is deemed to be pathogenic to a low degree, taking immediate advantage of the environment and triggering diseases at a time when the immunological capability of defense of the organisms is low or, when favorable factors come about. Prototheca is capable to induce disease in man as well as in several other animal species. Twenty strains of Prototheca sp, were sampled from cows with mastitis. The strains are characterized morphologically and developmentally on various culture media: glucose media (broth and agar), blood agar, potato medium, glucose medium of various pH values, medium containing antibiotics, Mac Conkey agar, Smith Baskerville medium (without antibiotics), and engine-oil medium. Growth took place within conditions of aerobic at 37° C and the culture became visible within 36-48 hou...
Prototheca is a unicellular, achlorophillous, ubiquitary and saprophytic alga spread in the surrounding environment mostly in vastly damp locations in the presence of the organic matters. This is deemed to be pathogenic to a low degree, taking immediate advantage of the environment and triggering diseases at a time when the immunological capability of defense of the organisms is low or, when favorable factors come about. Prototheca is capable to induce disease in man as well as in several other animal species. Twenty strains of Prototheca sp, were sampled from cows with mastitis. The strains are characterized morphologically and developmentally on various culture media: glucose media (broth and agar), blood agar, potato medium, glucose medium of various pH values, medium containing antibiotics, Mac Conkey agar, Smith Baskerville medium (without antibiotics), and engine-oil medium. Growth took place within conditions of aerobic at 37° C and the culture became visible within 36-48 hou...
Anatomical and Histopathological Researches in Experimental
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 2009
In order to realize this study, three BALB mice groups were used: one inoculated with P. zopfii, one with P. wickerhamii suspension and one control group. Each infected group was constituted of twelve animals, 2 months old, with an approximate body mass of 20 g. Both Prototheca species: one referent strain Prototheca wickerhamii (RE-4608014 ATCC 16529) and one Prototheca zopfii isolate (from cow mastitic milk sample), were cultured in glucose broth medium, 48 hours, at 37oC. Except control group, each animal was i.p. inoculated with 0,1 ml of live alga suspension (approximately 107 CFU/ml). Two control mice were i.p. inoculated with 0,1 ml of sterile broth media. Although any clinical disease sign was not observed in 10, 15 and 20 days post – infestation, for both inoculated groups, four mice were slaughted. Macroscopic lesions caused by Prototheca algae were represented by granuloma and piogranuloma found in different internals as confirmed by identification of organism by staining...