Molecular Characterization of Polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in a Symptomatic Kidney Transplant Recipients in Sudan (original) (raw)
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BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with seroprevalence in adults, ranging from 60 to 100%. It is considered as usual cause of renal dysfunction after the allograft renal transplantation nephropathy. Potent immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation can lower the rate of acute rejection. Therefore, untreated BKV infections lead to kidney allograft dysfunction or loss. In order to estimate the difference, this study investigated the BKV in urine samples of kidney transplant patients. In this study, we used 220 urine samples from allograft recipients in the time period of 2010-2013. Then, the 287 bp typing region and the PCR increased from the urinary DNA. The PCR products were digested by three limitation enzymes, namely AluI, Cfr13I and RsaI to determine the BKV subtypes. The BKV subtypes are common in the city of Esfahan, Iran. This research showed that 102 (75%) samples were infected by BKV type I. 7 (5%) and BKV subtypes II, 5 (4%) III, and 22 (16%) IV were found in our patients. On the other hand, mixed infections did not clear in the recipients. Our findings showed that BKV replication might occur after kidney transplantation and through the early hours. BKV types II, III and IV are brand new in Iran and previously were not apparent in samples of urine in different kidney transplant patients.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2007
Reactivation of the polyomavirus BK (BKV) is increasingly recognized as a cause of renal-allograft dysfunction. Currently, patients at risk of nephropathy due to active BKV infection are identifi ed by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies ("decoy cells") in the urine or by biopsy of the allograft tissue. Demonstrating viral DNA by molecular methods in urine and/or blood is emerging as a non-invasive tool for virology diagnosis and patient management. We report here the development of an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for BKV and its application for detection of BKV DNA in 43/50 (86%) of the urine samples, and in 4/50 (8%) of the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) samples collected from adult kidney transplant recipients between 30 and 70 years of age. Testing for BKV in urine and PBLs from renal-allograft recipients by the use of the PCR is sensitive and specifi c method for identifying the patients at risk of viral nephropathy.
Transplantation Proceedings, 2015
Background. BK viremia and nephropathy are increasing problems in renal transplant recipients. The absence of a safe and effective antiviral therapy made screening-based prevention a recommended strategy. The prevalence of its reactivation among recipients of kidney transplants in the Middle East has not been well established. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of BK virus (BKV) infection for renal transplant recipients at our medical center. Methods. All renal transplant recipients followed up in our transplantation clinic between 2012 and 2013 (n ¼ 116) were screened. Urine and blood quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the BKV were performed in all of the study patients. Renal biopsy was performed only in patients with deteriorating renal function associated with positive PCR. Patients who showed positive BKV PCR were followed up for 6 to 12 months. This included clinical and kidney function assessment along with BKV PCR viral load. Results. Among the 116 kidney transplant recipients studied, 65 (56%) were male, age 51 AE 15 years, with a transplantation vintage of 131 AE 61 months; 17 (14.7%) were positive for BKV PCR. Three (2.7%) showed viremia; 2 of them had deterioration of kidney function, renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of BK nephropathy (NP) in both cases. The 3 cases were managed by reducing the immunosuppressive treatment with stabilization of their kidney function. Cases with stable renal function and positive urine for BKV cleared the virus spontaneously during follow-up after minor reduction of the immunosuppressive treatment or without any intervention. None of our patients lost the graft due to BK NP. Conclusion. Our study suggests that BKV is not uncommon in our kidney transplant recipients. Routine screening suggested by the KDIGO Guidelines could help minimize its detrimental impact on the transplant outcome.
Viruses
Human Polyomavirus (HPyV) infections are common, ranging from 60% to 100%. In kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, HPyVs have been associated with allograft nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and skin cancer. Whether such complications are caused by viral reactivation or primary infection transmitted by the donor remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the replication pattern and genomic characterization of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) infections in KTx. Urine samples from 57 KTx donor/recipient pairs were collected immediately before organ retrieval/transplant and periodically up to post-operative day 540. Specimens were tested for the presence of BKPyV, JCPyV, and MCPyV genome by virus-specific Real-Time PCR and molecularly characterized. HPyVs genome was detected in 49.1% of donors and 77.2% of recipients. Sequences analysis revealed the archetypal strain for JCPyV, TU and Dunlop strains for B...
BK polyomavirus is one of the common post-transplant viral infections, affecting ∼15% of renal transplantation recipients (RTR), leading to graft loss in more than half of cases Plasma and urine samples were collected from 99 RTR patient, with 15 Living Donors (LD) and 15 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) were taken as controls, BKV load in plasma was detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR), and urine cytology smears were Pap stained for detection of decoy cells (DCs).12.12% (12/99) cases were positive for BKV by RT-PCR, and 27.27% (27/99) RTR patient were decoy positive, among which all of the 12 (RT-PCR) BKV positive patients were decoy positive, and 5 out of these 12 BK viremic patients had biopsy proven BKV nephropathy (BKVN).Our study suggests that BKV should be considered as a cause of nephropathy and allograft loss in RTRs in Iraq. Further research is required for better understanding of this entity.
Polyomaviruses BK-And JC-DNA quantitation in kidney allograft biopsies
Journal of Clinical …, 2009
Background: Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) is one of the most common viral disease affecting renal allograft, with BK being the most frequent causal agent and JCV being considered responsible in <3% of the cases. Objectives: To quantify polyomaviruses BK and JC load by real-time TaqMan PCR in tissue specimens (renal and ureteral) from kidney transplant recipients. Study design and methods: One-hundred-thirty-eight specimens (125 kidneys, 13 ureters) obtained from 109 patients were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of BKV-and JCV-DNA. Demographic, virological, and histopathological data were collected. Results: BKV-DNA was positive in 32 of 109 patients (29.6%) and JCV-DNA in 20 of 109 patients (18.3%). The highest BK viral loads (>10 4 genome equivalents/cell) were found in two renal samples with histopathologically confirmed PVAN; while JC viral load was >10 4 genome equivalents/cell in one ureteral sample. Conclusions: Although quantitation of viral DNA on renal allograft biopsies could be complementary to histopathological evaluation and the highest viral load are detectable in renal specimens with PVAN, the identification of a diagnostic cut-off should require further studies.
JRMS, 2011
BACKGROUND: Post-transplant infection with polyoma viruses (BK and JC viruses) is an important cause of graft loss and nephropathy. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of BK and JC viruria in renal transplant recipients with and without graft dysfunction. METHODS: In a case-control study, we selected 60 kidney transplant patients with and without graft dysfunction in the first two years after transplantation. Each group consisted of 30 patients evaluated for basic demographic and laboratory characteristics. First morning urine samples were sent for BK and JC virus detection with QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and real-time polymerase PCR. Chi-square test with Yates' correction, Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used as indicated. P value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age, gender, and time after transplant and pretransplant dialysis. In both groups, seven patients (23.3%) were JC virus positive whereas in case group 14 patients (46.7%) and in control group 9 patients (30%) were BK virus positive. There were no statistical significant difference between case and control groups for both JC and BK virus infection rate. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that JC and BK virus infection is very prevalent in the first 2 years after transplant and might be monitored appropriately.