Energy cost and physiological responses during upper body exercise with different postures (original) (raw)
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The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2015
The aim of the present study was to measure and compare the aerobic, anaerobic alactic and anaerobic lactic energy system contribution during the 30--sec Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) for the upper and lower body within the same individuals. Physically active men (n=14) completed two WAnTs on an electronic arm ergometer and a cycle ergometer separated by three days. A fly wheel braking force corresponding to 5% and 7.5% of the participants body weight was used for the upper and lower body WAnTs respectively. Oxygen uptake and blood lactate were measured before, during and after both WAnTs, and body composition was measured using dual--energy X--ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The anaerobic lactic energy system contribution was significantly ( p < 0.01) higher during the upper body (60.3 ± 5.6%) compared to the lower body (46.9 ± 6.9%) WAnT. The contribution of the anaerobic alactic system was significantly higher ( p < 0.01) during the lower body (36.5 ± 6.3%) compared to the upper...
The Influence of Body Position on Determining Aerobic Exercise Intensity for Healthy Individuals
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
To verify the influence of the resting heart rate (RHR) measurement on different positions in the calculation of VO2max intensities in young individuals of both sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design with a sample of 22 men and 11 women, aged 27.8 ± 6.5 years and 29.0 ± 8.6 years, respectively, healthy, active and sedentary, who performed the stress test on a treadmill until fatigue. For the treatment of the data, a repeated measures ANOVA was carried out with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results: The comparison of the mean values of baseline heart rate (Bhr) between the groups of women and men showed significant differences (t = 2.329; gl 31; p = 0.027). However, no significant differences were noted for lying (t = 0.057; gl 31; p = 0.95), sitting (t = 0.196 gl 31; p = 0.85) or standing (t = −0.290; gl 31; p = 0.77). But in the analysis of the intensities of the RHR in different positions, the calculations with baseline and lying HR were significantly di...
Aerobic Capacity in Relation to Selected Elements of Body Posture
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023
Background: In the 21st century, with the rapid development of many human life areas, physical activity should be prevalent in health maintenance and promotion. Body posture is a motor habit characteristic of every individual. Its correctness depends on numerous aspects, e.g., physical activity, age, mental state, or eating habits. There are numerous reports in the literature on the impact of physical activity on body posture, correct foot arch development, and the level of aerobic capacity in children and adolescents, but there is a noticeable lack of assessments of these characteristicsand their correlations in adults. Aim: To evaluate aerobic capacity in males and females in relation to selected body posture elements. Methods: The study involved 45 females and 46 males aged 20–21 years. The inclusion criteria involved declared good health and no contraindications. Selected somatic traits, body posture, and physical capacity indicators were determined. Results: Physical capacity shows a significant relationship with body mass in both sexes (female: r = −0.346; p = 0.020; male: r = −0.321; p = 0.030). A significant correlation was observed between aerobic capacity and lean body mass in females (r = −0.428; p = 0.003) and body mass (r = −0.461; p = 0.001) and body fat percentage in males (r = −0.443; p = 0.002). A significant correlation was demonstrated between maximal oxygen uptake and Clarke’s angle (r = −0.300; p = 0.045) in females, between maximal oxygen uptake and the loaded area of the right foot (r = −0.247; p = 0.098) in the male group, and between maximal oxygen uptake and spine lateral deviation (r = 0.352; p = 0.018) in females. There was no dimorphism between body posture elements and physical capacity except for the level of foot longitudinal arches, feet loading surface, spine lateral deviation, and the range of spine mobility in the sagittal and frontal planes. Aerobic capacity significantly influenced lean body mass (β = −0.379; p = 0.007) and spine deviation from the anatomical axis in the frontal plane in females (β = 0.287; p = 0.039) and body fat percentage in males (β = −0.443; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Selected body posture elements demonstrate relationships with physical capacity in both sexes. The results should find wide practical applications, e.g., in promoting a comprehensive assessment of body posture and physical capacity as determinants of health maintenance.
Upper Body Aerobic Exercise as a Possible Predictor of Lower Body Performance
Aerospace medicine and human performance, 2015
Aerobic exercise capacity provides information regarding cardiorespiratory health and physical capacity. However, in many populations the ability to measure whole-body or leg aerobic exercise capacity is limited due to physical disability or lack of appropriate equipment. Clinically there is a need to evaluate aerobic capacity in individuals who cannot use their legs for locomotion. In astronauts the habitable space for exercise testing in the next generation of space exploration systems may be restricted and may not support the traditional lower body testing. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if upper body physical performance could estimate lower body aerobic capacity. Maximal O2 uptake (Vo2max), gas exchange threshold (GET), and the highest sustainable rate of aerobic metabolism [arm cranking critical power (ACP) and lower body critical speed (LCS)] were determined in 55 conditioned men and women during arm-cranking and treadmill running. Vo2max and GET (48.6 ± 7.6 and 29.0...
2013
Aerobic and anaerobic performance of the upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) were assessed by arm cranking and treadmill tests respectively in a comparison of national (N) and international (I) male gymnasts. Force velocity and Wingate tests were performed using cycle ergometers for both arms and legs. In spite of a significant difference in training volume (4-12 vs, 27-34 h wk"' for N and I, respectively), there was no significant difference between N and I in aerobic and anaerobic performance. Upper body and LB maximal oxygen uptake (VOamax) values were 34,44
The Effect of Interval Exercise Upper and Lower Limb Activity on Fat and Carbohydrate
2016
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of upper and lower body activities on fat and carbohydrate oxidation in the elderly. Materials and Methods: Nine elderly men (age, 66.1±3.91y; body mass index, 25.09±2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this study. After determining the upper and lower body VO2max, subjects performed two interval exercise trials with one week interval. Interval exercise included 4 stages of 5-min activity respectively, at an intensity of 55, 60, 65, and 70% VO2max on hand ergometer and bicycle ergometer. Each stage was followed by 2.5 min of activity performed at 25, 30, 35, and 40% VO2max. Respiratory gases were collected before exercise at the 1st 10-min, 2nd 10-min, 3rd 10-min and 30-min recovery and used to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Results: Changes in fat oxidation during interval exercise with cycle ergometer was significantly (P<0.05) higher than arm-cranking. However, changes in carbohydrate oxidation durin...
The Effects of Posture on the Ventilatory Responses During Exercise
Journal of the Japanese Physical Therapy Association, 1998
This study was undertaken to evaluate the postural effect on ventilatory responses during both supine and sitting exercise. Seven healthy men performed two exercise tests utilizing the ramp protocol (20 watts/min) with a cycle ergometer in each position. The results were as follows: The oxygen uptake and the oxygen pulse measured at 180 watts and at anaerobic threshold in the sitting were significantly higher compared with those in the supine position. The average of carbon-dioxide output, minute ventilation and tidal volume at lower exercise intensities showed higher values in the sitting compared with those in the supine position, whereas there were no significant differences for respiratory rate. There was significant difference in the slope of the minute ventilation to carbon-dioxide output plot between sitting and supine position. In conclusion, the higher minute ventilation in the sitting position was mainly performed by higher tidal volume which may counteract the effects of an increase in physiological dead space. The lower slope of the minute ventilation to carbon-dioxide output plot which shows more effective ventilation in the supine position may be due to decreased physiological dead space and higher diffusion capacity.
Energetic Assessment of the Nonexercise Activities under Free-Living Conditions
BioMed research international, 2016
Nonexercise activities (NAs) are common types of physical activity in daily life and critical component in energy expenditure. However, energetic assessment of NA, particularly in free-living subjects, is a technical challenge. In this study, mechanical modeling and portable device were used to evaluate five common types of NA in daily life: sit to stand, lie to sit, bowing while standing, squat, and right leg over left. A human indirect calorimeter was used to measure the activity energy expenditure of NA. Mechanical work and mechanical efficiency of NA were calculated for mechanical modeling. Thirty-two male subjects were recruited for the study (20 subjects for the development of models and 12 subjects for evaluation of models). The average (mean ± SD) mechanical work of 5 NAs was 2.31 ± 0.50, 2.88 ± 0.57, 1.75 ± 0.55, 3.96 ± 1.25, and 1.25 ± 0.51 J/kg·m, respectively. The mean mechanical efficiencies of those activities were 22.0 ± 3.3%, 26.5 ± 5.1%, 19.8 ± 3.7%, 24.0 ± 5.5%, an...
Similar metabolic response to lower- versus upper-body interval exercise or endurance exercise
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2017
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