Evaluation of Photosynthesis Capacity of Some Winter Wheat Genotypes in Transylvanian Plain Conditions (original) (raw)
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Genetika, 2017
In an effort to find breeding methods for improving drought stress tolerance and grain yield, twelve photosynthetic efficiency parameters have been measured on ten cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), along with water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic traits of grain yield (GYP), biomass weight (BWP), harvest index (HI), yield stability index (YSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) in the vegetative pot trial with control (B1) and drought stress (B2) treatments. Drought stress induced in three different stages of development has caused decrease in water use efficiency based on biomass (WUEb) (B1: 2.94 g L-1; B2: 2.71 g L-1) and grain yield (WUEg) (B1: 1.03 g L-1; B2: 0.89 g L-1), as well as GYP and BWP. Dissipation energy flux per excited cross section (DI0/CS0) observed in the drought stress treatment in the tillering stage of growth gave significant negative correlation coefficient (P?0.05) with agronomic traits of tested wheat cultivars (GYP:-0.75; WU...
Comparison of Photosynthetic Parameters in Different Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties
Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017", 2018
Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8-k (LVg-p-w-cc)-shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, "Genesys" 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.
Analysis of the photosynthetic parameters, the yield and the quality of winter wheat
2010
site of the University of Debrecen in small parcel experiments. We measured the leaf net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 level, the transpiration, the leaf temperature and the air temperature by the LICOR LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system in field trials on the nutrient supply. The soil of the experimental area is calciferous chernozem with favorable water regime.
Comparison of Photosynthetic Components of Wheat Genotypes Under Rain-fed and Irrigated Conditions
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2012
The major environmental factor limiting the range of adaptation for wheat is drought. Fourteen wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under two environments (irrigated and rain fed) to determine physiological and photosynthetic responses to drought. Combined analysis of variance of the data showed that the environment was a significant source of variation for leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), stomatal conductance (g s ) and grain yield (GY). Wheat genotypes differed significantly for LCC, g s and GY. All the measured traits under water-stress conditions except maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v ⁄ F m ) were lower than those under nonstress conditions. Mean GY in rain-fed conditions was 11.26% lower than that in irrigated conditions. The genotypes number 13 (Marvdasht) and 8 (M-81-13) exhibited the highest GY per unit area in both irrigation and rain-fed conditions. It was concluded that the higher LCC and g s under drought-stress conditions could possibly be the proper criteria for screening the drought-tolerant wheat genotypes under field conditions.
Use of physiological criteria in the screening process helps considerably to improve wheat breeding efficiency. In vegetation pot experiments with a collection of winter bread wheat genotypes of different provenance the drought and high temperature tolerance screening methods were applied. Although methods of chlorophyll fluorescence measurement are not directly related to yield, fast chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics measurements seem to be a useful tool for detection of drought and heat stress effects on the photosynthesis. We developed a high temperature test with leaf segments based on the fluorescence parameters enabling measurement of many genotypes in a short time and we observed significant differences in genotypes sensitivity. Evaluation of drought effect in selected genotypes by chlorophyll fluorescence was based on the Performance Index (PI), the most sensitive fluorescence parameter characterizing better the drought susceptibility of studied genotypes. The gas exchange measurements of photosynthesis showed that decrease CO 2 assimilation rate was mainly due to the stomatal closure. The non-stomatal effect was only observed in the severely stressed leaves with very low CO 2 assimilation rates. The genotypes differed in sensitivity of stomatal closure, and hence in the CO 2 assimilation rate. In drought conditions the delayed stomatal closure and higher net assimilation rate were correlated with higher grain yield. Similarly, transpiration efficiency of non-stressed plants was also related to their higher drought tolerance.
Photosynthesis and productivity of old and modern durum wheats in a Mediterranean environment
Crop Sci, 2003
for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), there have been relatively few published studies on durum wheat which Genetic variability of leaf net photosynthesis rate (A n ) and its examine the genotypic variability of photosynthesis unrelation to productivity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is not well defined. Two field experiments were conducted der field conditions. Moreover, the relationship between at the experimental area of the Faculty of Agriculture, in the Univer-photosynthesis rate and productivity has not been well sity of Ç ukurova, Turkey, to evaluate the differences between old defined for durum wheat. and modern cultivars in A n and productivity. Experiments with sowing Studies of genotypic differences in the photosynthesis dates in November 1996 and February 1997 were performed under rate have often been made on flag leaves. Genotypic rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Measurements included differences in net assimilation rate during the early leaf gas exchange and agronomic traits. Old cultivars (OC) were later stages of development have also been found by many flowering and taller than modern cultivars (MC) and their harvest researchers in hexaploid wheat and in related species indexes were lower. Before the onset of leaf senescence, most of the (Fischer et al., 1981; Johnson et al., 1987; Gent and OC exhibited higher A n values than most of the MC, but the extent of variability was not great. High A n was correlated with high stomatal conductance (g s ), but no overall correlation between A n and the ratio Rees et al., 1993; Delgado et al., 1994). However, as far of internal [CO 2 ] to [CO 2 ] in the air was observed. In spite of higher as we know there exists no published study that exam-A n , OC showed no superiority in grain yield. The results indicate that ines such genotypic differences in durum wheat under mesophyll conductance rather than g s has an effect on variation in field conditions throughout development.
Natural variation in photosynthetic capacity, growth, and yield in 64 field-grown wheat genotypes
Journal of experimental botany, 2014
Increasing photosynthesis in wheat has been identified as an approach to enhance crop yield, with manipulation of key genes involved in electron transport and the Calvin cycle as one avenue currently being explored. However, natural variation in photosynthetic capacity is a currently unexploited genetic resource for potential crop improvement. Using gas-exchange analysis and protein analysis, the existing natural variation in photosynthetic capacity in a diverse panel of 64 elite wheat cultivars grown in the field was examined relative to growth traits, including biomass and harvest index. Significant variations in photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and yield were observed, although no consistent correlation was found between photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf and grain yield when all cultivars were compared. The majority of the variation in photosynthesis could be explained by components related to maximum capacity and operational rates of CO2 assimilation, and to CO2 diffusio...
Genetic variation for photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in spring wheat
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2019
One way to increase yield potential in wheat is screening for natural variation in photosynthesis. This study uses measured and modelled physiological parameters to explore genotypic diversity in photosynthetic capacity (P c , Rubisco carboxylation capacity per unit leaf area at 25 °C) and efficiency (P eff , P c per unit of leaf nitrogen) in wheat in relation to fertilizer, plant stage, and environment. Four experiments (Aus1, Aus2, Aus3, and Mex1) were carried out with diverse wheat collections to investigate genetic variation for Rubisco capacity (V cmax25), electron transport rate (J), CO 2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and complementary plant functional traits: leaf nitrogen, leaf dry mass per unit area, and SPAD. Genotypes for Aus1 and Aus2 were grown in the glasshouse with two fertilizer levels. Genotypes for Aus3 and Mex1 experiments were grown in the field in Australia and Mexico, respectively. Results showed that V cmax25 derived from gas exchange measurements is a robust parameter that does not depend on stomatal conductance and was positively correlated with Rubisco content measured in vitro. There was significant genotypic variation in most of the experiments for P c and P eff. Heritability of P c reached 0.7 and 0.9 for SPAD. Genotypic variation and heritability of traits show that there is scope for these traits to be used in pre-breeding programmes to improve photosynthesis with the ultimate objective of raising yield potential.
Novenytermeles, 2011
Drought is one of the major environmental factors that inhibits many metabolic processes and constrains plant growth and crop productivity. Croatia is part of Mediterranean Drought Group with late season drought stress during the grain filling in wheat. In order to evaluate water deficit on relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content (Chl) and grain yield of six Croatian winter wheat genotypes, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2009-2010. Factors were six winter wheat genotypes (Kaja, Divana, Karla, Kuna, Banica and ZGM 13) and two water regimes (control and water deficit occurred from anthesis to maturity). Physiological responses (RWC and Chl) were measured in late milk maturity (LMM) and in early waxy maturity (EWM). Grain yield, yield per spike and 1000 grain weight were measured after harvesting the plots at maturity. Results showed that genotypes Kuna and Banica had the highest Chl in LMM, and the ge...