A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban and Rural Population and the Factors Associated with Hypertension (original) (raw)
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Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of central India
Objectives: 1.To study prevalence of hypertension. 2. To study association between various factors and hypertension in a rural community of Central India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural community. 924 study subjects aged 30 years and above were selected using systematic random sampling of houses. Anthropometry, blood glucose, and blood pressure were measured with standard instruments and methodology for all the study subjects. Statistical tests like Chi square, Student's t test and chi square trend were used to analyze the data where ever applicable. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 19.04%. It was higher in females (23.4%) than males (14.4%). It was seen that prevalence of hypertension increased with age. Prevalence of Pre hypertension was high (18.8%). 4.3% had isolated systolic hypertension and 0.9% had isolated diastolic hypertension. Older age, increased body mass index and waist hip ratio were significantly higher among hypertensive compared to normotensive. Factors like upper social class, sedentary physical activity, tobacco use and diabetes were significantly associated with hypertension. Alcohol intake was not associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is high and is associated with socio-demographic factors. Hence there is need for primordial prevention efforts on large scale.
Prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors among rural population aged ≥13 years
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: Hypertension is a silent physiological ailment leading to bizarre pathological complications. Every year, some 12 million fatal and 20 million nonfatal strokes and myocardial infarctions occur worldwide (WHO, 2002). Prevalence was noted between rural and urban parts of India 27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8).Methods: Study design community-based cross-sectional study. Sampling technique multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from rural population of Kanpur.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in our study was found to be 21.27%, more among females 23.2% than males 19.7%. The results of logistic regression analysis with HTN status as dependent variable, to identify the effects of 6 risk factors (independent variables) for hypertension body mass index (BMI), grade of work, excess salt consumption, mental stress, smoking/chewing tobacco, alcohol intake. The odds ratio was 3.57 for the BMI with lower limit of 95% ...
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2015
India is experiencing an epidemiological transition, and hypertension has emerged as a major threat to the health of the people. It is a significant public health problem in the both urban and rural areas of India. According to the WHO Statistics 2012, the prevalence of hypertension in India is 23% [urban (23.1%) and rural (22.6%) population]. [4] According to the Office of Register General of India, the prevalence of hypertension is 25% and 10% in the urban and rural population, respectively. [5] The number of people with hypertension will rise from 118.2 million in 2000 to 213.5 million by 2025. [5] The prevalence of hypertension in India is estimated to be 10%-30.9%. [6] Hypertension is directly responsible for 42% of CHD deaths and 57% of all stroke deaths in India. [7] The designing of primary and secondary prevention strategies of hypertension is significant and primarily based on the analysis of the occurrence and the risk factors of the condition in the both urban and rural population. Although several studies have been carried out among the general population in Background: Hypertension is considered a chronic disorder of interest owing to its involvement in the generation of coronary heart disease, stroke, and other vascular complications. It is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, which accounts for 20%-50% of all deaths and will be the prime cause of morbidity by 2020 in India. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 18-59 years residing at rural community of Dakshina Kannada and study the correlates of hypertension among adults. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the age group of 18-59 years to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the residents of the rural community. A total of 710 study subjects were selected. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic profiles and dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard methodology. The blood pressure was assessed and classified using JNC 7 criteria Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension among adults was 43.6%, and it was higher in female subjects. The maximum prevalence of hypertension was found among the age group of 50-59 years (male subjects, 60.2%, and female subjects, 65.4%). The study participants with diabetes showed 1.59 times higher risk than nondiabetic participants. Conclusion: The rates of hypertension in the rural community under study are similar to those seen in high-income countries and in urban India. Hence, there is a need for primordial prevention efforts on large scale.
A Study on the Prevalence of Hypertension and Isolated Hypertension in Rural South India-Bhuvanagiri
2018
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.10.66 Abstract: “You protect it, you promote it, and you extend it” these are in fact the basic principles of preventive medicine. As per WHO report for 1991, more than 69 million people worldwide have been found to have high blood pressure. In USA alone, as per 1991 WHO estimate, it affects about 50 million people, costing 29 million working days and 2 billion dollars per year. Of these 31.6% are unaware of their high blood pressure. In rural population also there is a steady increase in WHO defined hypertension. Studies carried out in different methodologies have revealed prevalence rates ranging from 3% to 15.2% among adult population and as shown by studies among subjects more than 60 years of age it has gone up from 4% to 19.2%.. So the present study was aimed to find out prevalence of hypertension in rural population above 40 years and to know the prevalence of isolated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In this study it is clear that as age incr...
Background Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD. Hypertension in early stages does not show any symptoms; hence many are unaware of its presence. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing and it correlates with the chronic kidney disease in the US. Early detection is feasible using a simple and accurate screening test and aggressive blood pressure management. Yet this has not received adequate attention or allocation of public health resources for planning effective preventive strategies. In India, as a developing country with a population estimated at 1.1 billion, the prevalence of hypertension has been estimated to be 3% to 34.5% in males and 5.8% to 33.5% of females. Materials and Methods: The study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors of hypertension in the selected rural area of Moradabad. A quantitative research approach was used to assess the prevalence of hypertension status among the adults and to find out the association with selected demographic variable. The research design for the present study was descriptive research design. The target population for the study was adults in selected rural area in Moradabad. Samples were adults of selected village, sample size was 500 and sampling technique used for this study was Non probability convenience sampling. The research instrument was developed in English after extensive review of literature and expert opinion. The structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors. Data analysis was done by both descriptive and inferential statics on the basis of objectives and hypothesis of study and to compute data, master data sheet was prepared. Prevalence of hypertension was assessed according to BP measurements of the samples and association with selected demographic was determined by chi square test. Result The level of hypertension among adults was 75.4% people have normal blood pressure, 22.4% have moderate hypertension and 2.2% have severe hypertension. The risk factors of hypertension identified from the study are smoking, alcoholism, increased salt intake, inadequate fruits and vegetable intake, lack of physical exercises and follow up. Conclusion There was a statistical significant association between the age of the person and prevalence status of hypertension at 0.05 levels and no statistical association could be established with other remaining demographic variable. There was also a statistical association between smoking status, alcoholism and physical activities of the adults. Hence the present study suggests that primordial prevention should be used to prevent hypertension.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2015
Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estimating the prevalence of hypertension in both the urban and rural populations is very crucial as this forms the basis for planning of primary and secondary prevention of hypertension. Objective of the study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural adult population. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March- 2013 to August-2013 in Udaipur, Rajasthan to compare the prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural adult population. Hypertension was defined according to JNC VII criteria. Results: Hypertension was present in 32. 67% subjects in urban and 18. 67% in rural area. The prevalence was found to steadily increase with age. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between males and females in both areas. Among urban hypertensives 87. 76% led a sedentary lifestyle, 45. 92% were overweight and 14. 28% were obese. Conclusion: Significantly higher prevalence of hypertension was found in urban area. Majority of hypertensive had a sedentary life-style in both rural and urban areas. Adopting a healthy lifestyle is critical for the prevention of hypertension and an indispensable part of managing it.
IOSRJournals, 2019
Objectives: The aim of the study to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and explore its associated risk factors in Luksar village population's age groups 18 to 60 years, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted by the department school of nursing and health science Noida international university in the rural practice area of Luksar village UP, India. Study timeframe is 6 months from December 2018 to May 2019. The socio-demographic variables and risk factors were obtained by an interview the subjects in the study and collected data through standardized structured questionnaires by seven experts. Result: In the study, the prevalence of prehypertension was 12% in (20) subjects, stage 1. Was14.4% in (24) subjects, stage 2. 4.2% in (7) subjects. The peak age was at 49 to 60 years in both male in female's prevalence of HTN in males 49 to 60 was (77.7%) and in females at 49 to 60 years was (44.4%). Conclusion:Present study showed that high prevalence of hypertension in rural 30.5% Uttar Pradesh, Central India. It can be concluded that there is significant burden of hypertension in. Age, education, and behavioral risk factors like diet pattern extra salt intake, smoking, stress, alcohol, but one is the important things is in our study those who were alcoholic prevalence was less when we compared with non-alcoholic user the present study. Education level of people should be raised to reduce the prevalence.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: The changing lifestyle factors in rural population are associated with increase in hypertension. Objective was to find out the epidemiological correlates of hypertension among the rural population.Methods: This was cross sectional study and conducted in rural areas of Mehsana district of Gujarat during January 2019 to June 2019. People living rural areas were selected by stratified random sampling. They were screened for hypertension by JNC VII criteria using sphygmomanometer and detailed personal, past and family history was taken after written and informed consent. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package.Results: Out of total 602 subjects, 93 (15.4%) were hypertensive. Out of total 93 hypertensive subjects, 50 (53.8%) were females. A blood pressure category and gender difference were not statically significant (p=0.89). Out of 93 hypertensive subjects, 42 (45.2%) subjects were in the age group of ≥60 years. The differenc...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Background: Currently, hypertension is one of the important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in a rural area of West Bengal. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in Daspara village of Amdanga Block, Barasat, North 24 Parganas among 166 adults in the age group 20-59 years. Data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested schedule and data analysis was done by proportions and Chi-square tests. Results: Pre-hypertension and hypertension was present in 31.9% and 24.1% of the study population respectively. Prehypertension and hypertension was more common in 40-49 years age group, females, those belonging to nuclear families, people of Hindu religion, people belonging to class 3 socio-economic status as well as people with higher BMI, smoker, alcoholics, high salt intake and absence of physical activity. Significant association was found with age, type of family, socio-economic status, BMI, salt intake, alcohol consumption and smoking.(p<.005) Conclusion: Hypertension is more prevalent in people with higher BMI, smoker, alcoholics. high salt intake and absence of physical activity. Thus lifestyle modification is expected reduce the prevalence of this disease and its associated comorbidities.
Screening of Risk Factors of Hypertension among Urban and Rural Populations of District-Hapur
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences
Introduction:Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease.Hypertension is the new era pandemic which is the leading cause of mortality in the world and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. Various risk factors are implicated in the development of hypertension and there are differences in these risk factors in urban and rural populations depending on the level of development and epidemiological transition. Aims & Objective:The preesent study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with hypertension in urban and rural populations of Hapur. Materials and methods: It's a community based cross-sectional study in which 300 adults each were randomly selected from urban and rural populations of Hapur using modified cluster sampling method. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Two Blood Pressure readings were recorded using mercury sphygmomanometer in the sitting position and the mean of two was considered for analysis. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 8.1. Result:Most of the study population belonged to age group of 20-29 yrs (27.5%) followed by 30-39 yrs (24.5%). 41.2% of the study population was constituted by males and the rest 58.8% by females. Majority of the study population belonged to middle class (58%) followed by upper lower class (18%). The prevalence of hypertension was 21% in the present study, which is comparable to the estimates given by World Health Organization (23%). Around 33.7% of the population had blood pressure in the normal range and 45.3% of the population had pre-hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.7% in the urban areas and 18.3% in the rural areas. This difference was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study identified as risk factors for the development of hypertensionincreasing age, sedentary occupation, higher socioeconomic status, extra salt intake, family history of hypertension, reduced physical activity, tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, BMI ≥ 25 and high waist-hip ratio.