AlyBase: database of names, chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels of Alysseae (Brassicaceae), with a new generic concept of the tribe (original) (raw)
Related papers
2013
Numerous molecular systematic studies within Brassicaceae have resulted in a strongly improved classification of the family, as morphologically defined units at and above the generic level were often found to poorly reflect phylogenetic relationships. Here, we focus on tribe Alysseae, which despite its size (accounting for about 7% of all species) has only received limited coverage in previous phylogenetic studies. Specifically, we want to test phylogenetic hypotheses implied by current tribal and generic circumscriptions and to put diversification within tribe Alysseae into a temporal context. To this end, sequence data from the nrDNA ITS and two plastid regions (ndhF gene, trnL-F intergenic spacer) were obtained for 176 accessions, representing 16 out of 17 currently recognized genera of the tribe, and were phylogenetically analysed, among others, using a relaxed molecular clock. Due to large discrepancies with respect to published ages of Brassicaceae, age estimates concerning Alysseae are, however, burdened with considerable uncertainty. The tribe is monophyletic and contains four strongly supported major clades and Alyssum homalocarpum, whose relationships among each other remain uncertain due to incongruences between nuclear and plastid DNA markers. The largest genus of the tribe, Alyssum, is not monophyletic and contains, apart from A. homalocarpum, two distinct lineages, corresponding to sections Alyssum, Psilonema, Gamosepalum and to sections Odontarrhena and Meniocus, respectively. Clypeola, whose monophyly is supported only by the plastid data, is very closely related to and possibly nested within the second Alyssum lineage. Species of the genus Fibigia intermingle with those of Alyssoides, Clastopus, Degenia, and Physoptychis, rendering Fibigia polyphyletic. The monotypic genera Leptoplax and Physocardamum are embedded in Bornmuellera.
Phytotaxa, 2018
Alyssum austrodalmaticum was originally described as an endemic species from southern Croatia. It has been considered a dubious taxon because its holotype specimen got lost and because of the scant information contained in the protologue. To settle the interpretation of the name and its application to other Western Balkan populations, a neotype was recently designated. Soon after, the lost holotype specimen was accidentally rediscovered. It is in agreement with the (now superfluous) neotype and the most recent circumscription of the species. Here we present the holotype, summarize the previous uncertainty surrounding this taxon and list all its herbarium specimens from Croatia and adjacent regions deposited in the herbaria CNHM, ZA, ZAHO and ZAGR.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012
Alyssum montanum ssp. montanum and A. montanum ssp. gmelinii have been treated as two largely sympatric taxa that occur throughout the European continent, the former growing on calcareous and serpentine rocks and in dry grasslands, and the latter mostly on sand dunes. In this study, we demonstrate that the traditional delimitation of these two subspecies is not substantiated and should be considerably revised. Focusing on Central Europe (encompassing the type localities of both names) and inferring from genetic (plastid DNA sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers) and morphological data, we provide here a new circumscription of these two subspecies of A. montanum. The name A. montanum ssp. montanum is applicable to populations in southwestern Germany, Switzerland and eastern France, characterized by wider petals and denser leaf indumentum. Alyssum montanum ssp. gmelinii includes diploid and tetraploid populations that are widespread in the rest of Central Europe. Habitat specificity was not confirmed by our studies. The subspecies are allopatric in Central Europe, but their overall distribution ranges in Europe need to be explored further. Genetic patterns suggest different evolutionary histories for the two subspecies. An identification key and a nomenclatural survey are also presented.
Toward a Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2006
The Brassicaceae is a large plant family (338 genera and 3,700 species) of major scientific and economic importance. The taxonomy of this group has been plagued by convergent evolution in nearly every morphological feature used to define tribes and genera. Phylogenetic analysis of 746 nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, representing 24 of the 25 currently recognized tribes, 146 genera, and 461 species of Brassicaceae, produced the most comprehensive, singlelocus-based phylogenetic analysis of the family published to date. Novel approaches to nrDNA ITS analysis and extensive taxonomic sampling offered a test of monophyly for a large complement of the currently recognized tribes and genera of Brassicaceae. In the most comprehensive analysis, tribes Alysseae, Anchonieae plus Hesperideae, Boechereae, Cardamineae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Iberideae, Noccaeeae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Smelowskieae, and Thlaspideae were all monophyletic. Several broadly defined genera (e.g., Draba and Smelowskia) were supported as monophyletic, whereas others (e.g., Sisymbrium and Alyssum) were clearly polyphyletic. Analyses of ITS data identified several problematic sequences attributable to errors in sample identification or database submission. Results from parsimony ratchet and Bayesian analyses recovered little support for the backbone of the phylogeny, suggesting that many lineages of Brassicaceae have undergone rapid radiations that may ultimately be difficult to resolve with any single locus. However, the development of a preliminary supermatrix including the combination of 10 loci for 65 species provides an initial estimate of intertribal relations and suggests that broad application of such a method will provide greater understanding of relationships in the family. Brassicaceae Phylogeny 2143 by guest on December 5, 2013 http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from FIG. 2.-Summary ITS phylogeny. Strict consensus topology based on the analysis of 146 genera, 461 species, and 746 accessions (Matrix 1: L 5 6,675, consistency index 5 0.16: retention index 5 0.84). The numbers following each terminal refer to the number of 1) sequences, 2) genera, and 3) species sampled within each clade/tribe. Values above each branch correspond to strict consensus bootstrap values 50%. Brassicaceae Phylogeny 2147 by guest on December 5, 2013
Petiole Anatomy of 21 Representatives of Tribe Alysseae (Brassicaceae) from Turkey
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2020
This paper presents in detail petiole anatomy of 21 representatives of tribe Alysseae, 5 of which are endemic from Turkey. In the examined taxa, differences have found in the petiole shape, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, and the presence of collenchyma. Petiole shapes are in sulcate, circular, or flat types. The most common type is sulcate with blunt or acute margins. The epidermises are in 1, 2 or more layer. The number of vascular bundles in the examined taxa varies between 1 (Berteroa mutabilis) and 9 (Alyssum strictum and A. strigosum subsp. strigosum) in total. In addition, vascular bundles in the middle are broadly or narrowly arc-shaped with 1-5 lobed. These results display that the compared petiole anatomical characteristics among the examined taxa are somewhat suitable to their delimitation in traditional rank in the Flora of Turkey.
Contribution to ITS phylogeny of the Brassicaceae, with special reference to some Asian taxa
Plant Systematics and …, 2009
Sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for 189 accessions representing 184 species in 121 genera of Brassicaceae were used to determine monophyly of tribes and genera, tribal boundaries, and component genera. Parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference suggest that the tribes Camelineae and Arabideae are polyphyletic and should be subdivided into smaller tribes. The study also supports the recent recognition of the new tribes Aphragmeae, Biscutelleae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Conringieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Malcolmieae, Megacarpaeeae, and Turritideae. The data argue for the placement of Borodinia in the tribe Boechereae, Litwinowia and Pseudoclausia in the Chorisporeae, Atelanthera and Streptoloma in the Euclidieae, and Megacarpaea and Pugionium in the Megacarpaeeae, and exclusion of Asperuginoides, Didymophysa, and Ptilotrichum from the Alysseae, Macropodium, Pseudoturritis, and Stevenia from the Arabideae, and Crucihimalaya, Irenepharsus, Pachycladon, and Turritis from the Camelineae. Finally, the findings support the expansion of Stevenia to include both Berteroella and Ptilotrichum, Sterigmostemum to include Oreoloma and one species of Anchonium, Crucihimalaya to include Transberingia and several species of Arabis, and Parrya to include Pseudoclausia. The data also suggest that Calymmatium and Olimarabidopsis may be congeneric.
Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): an overview
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2006
A critical review of characters used in the systematics of the Brassicaceae is given, and aspects of the origin, classification, and generic delimitation of the family discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the family were reviewed, and major clades identified. Based on molecular studies, especially from the ndhF chloroplast gene, and careful evaluation of morphology and generic circumscriptions, a new tribal alignment of the Brassicaceae is proposed. In all, 25 tribes are recognized, of which seven (Aethionemeae, Boechereae, Descurainieae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Noccaeeae, and Smelowskieae) are described as new. For each tribe, the center(s) of distribution, morphology, and number of taxa are given. Of the 338 genera currently recognized in the Brassicaceae, about 260 genera (or about 77%) were either assigned or tentatively assigned to the 25 tribes. Some problems relating to various genera and tribes are discussed, and future research developments are briefly covered.
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the tribe Chorisporeae (Brassicaceae
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2011
Sequence data from nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL-F) regions for 89 accessions representing 56 out of 64 species from all five genera of the tribe Chorisporeae (plus Dontostemon tibeticus) have been studied to test the monophyly of the tribe and its component genera, clarify its boundaries, and elucidate its phylogenetic position in the family. Both data sets showed strong support for the monophyly of the Chorisporeae as currently delimited, though the position of its tentative member D. tibeticus was not resolved by ITS. Parrya and Pseudoclausia are poly- and paraphyletic with regard to each other, and Chorispora is either polyphyletic or at least paraphyletic (comprising Diptychocarpus) within a weakly supported monophyletic clade. The incongruence in branching pattern among the markers was most likely caused by hybridization and possibly influenced by incomplete lineage sorting. The present results suggest uniting Pseudoclausia, Clausia podlechii, and Achoriphragma with Parrya and transferring P. beketovii and P. saposhnikovii to Leiospora (Euclidieae). We also obtained support for splitting Chorispora into two geographically defined groups, one of which is closer to Diptychocarpus. Both data sets revealed a close relationship of the Chorisporeae to Dontostemoneae, while ITS also indicated affinity to Hesperideae. Therefore, the position of Chorisporeae needs further verification.
Systematics, Tribal Placements, and Synopses of theMalcolmiaS.L. Segregates (Brassicaceae)
Harvard Papers in Botany, 2014
The genus was so broadly delimited by Boissier (1867) and Greuter et al. (1986) that it included species currently assigned by Al-Shehbaz (2012) and herein to seven genera: Maresia Pomel, Neotorularia Hedge & J.Léonard, Sisymbrium L., Strigosella Boiss., and Zuvanda (F.Dvořák) Askerova, as well as Malcolmia s.str. and the new genus Marcus-Kochia described below. Ball (1963) was the first to recognize the heterogeneity of Malcolmia s.l., and he divided this complex into four informal groups readily distinguished morphologically, geographically, and cytologically. Dvořák (1970a, 1970b, 1972) conducted detailed morphological studies on the complex and basically reached conclusions comparable to Ball's. He recognized the Aegean group as Malcolmia s.str., the western and northern Mediterranean group as Maresia subgen. Maresia, the Southwest Asian members as Maresia subgen. Zuvanda Dvořák, and Southwest-Central Asian species as Fedtschenkoa Regel. Although Dvořák placed a greater emphasis on petal venation and the cellular patterns of the fruit septum, modern students of the family put much less weight on these characters because they can be subject to considerable variation. However, his critical observations on trichomes and stigma morphology, coupled with Ball's earlier work, helped immensely in establishing the modern generic boundaries in this complex. Botschantzev (1972) reduced Fedtschenkoa to synonymy of Strigosella, and Askerova (1985) raised subgen. Zuvanda to the generic rank. By contrast, Stork (1971, 1972a-c) focused exclusively on the Aegean species and kept all of them in Malcolmia s.str. The present study aims to clarify the generic boundaries and tribal assignments of the four groups variously assigned to Malcolmia, provides detailed generic description for each, enumerates the species currently assigned to them, and provides information on the types of all recognized taxa. It is based on the synthesis of published cytological, morphological, geographical, and molecular data. SYSTEMATICS, TRIBAL PLACEMENTS, AND SYNOPSES OF THE MALCOLMIA S.L. SEGREGATES (BRASSICACEAE) ihsan a. al-shehbaz, 1 DmitRy a. GeRman, 2 Klaus mummenhoff, 3 anD hamiD moazzeni 4 Abstract. The Malcolmia s.l. complex was so broadly delimited that it included at least five genera in four tribes. As delimited herein, it includes Malcolmia s.str. (12 taxa, 6 spp.) of the tribe Malcolmieae, Maresia (5 spp.) and the new genus Marcus-Kochia (4 spp.) of the tribe Anastaticeae, Strigosella (23 spp.) of the tribe Euclidieae, and Zuvanda (3 spp.) of the tribe Conringieae. The new combinations M.-K. arenaria, M.-K. littorea, M.-K. ramosissima, and M.-K. triloba are proposed. Detailed generic descriptions, key to genera and their species, and data on type collections of all recognized taxa are provided. Second-step lectotypes are designated keys for Strigosella hispida, S. scorpioides, and Zuvanda meyeri. All taxa previously placed in Malcolmia are listed, and their current tribal, generic, and species assignments are given.