The effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms: A prospective, randomized controlled trial (original) (raw)
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Background: Hemodialysis is a method for extracorporal removing waste products such as creatinine and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure. Xerostomia is a frustrating symptom for patients on hemodialysis; mechanisms that contribute to its development include low saliva flow. An increased intake of fluids secondary to xerostomia in patients on hemodialysis will result in excessive interdialytic weigh gain. Increased mastication, in the form of gum-chewing, can increase flow rates, especially in those with low salivary function, decrease Xerostomia, thirst and interdialytic Weight. Aim of the study: to examine the effect of using sugar-free chewing gum on xerostomia, thirst and interdialytic weight gain (IWG) in patients on hemodialysis. Subjects and Methods: The research design: used is a quasi-experimental Setting: Hemodialysis unit at Ain – Shams University Specialized Hospital. Subjects: Consecutive 60 patients were randomly allocated to study and control groups, 30 subjects each. Tools of data collection: The following tools were used to collect data 1-Data Collection Sheet to assess socio demographic data, dry weight. 2-Xerostomia Inventory (XI) to quantify the perceived xerostomia 3-Dialysis Thirst Inventory (DTI) to identify the occurrence of thirst. 4-Interdialytic Weight Gain (IWG) to measure the body weight during dialysis session. 5-Salivary Flow Rates Scale: Designed for measurement of saliva rates. Results: the result of the study was most prevalent age (<50) years in study and
Salivary flow rates and appreciation of eight different chewing gums for potential therapeutic use
Objectives: Chewing gums have been studied for clinical use to stimulate the salivary flow rate in healthy and diseased individuals. However, differences in preferences of chewing gums may influence patient compliance during long-term use. Therefore, we compared the effect of several chewing gums on the flow rate of whole saliva and pH, and investigated the preferences of these gums. Methods: 83 healthy subjects participated in the first part of the study. Both parafilm-stimulated and chewing gumstimulated whole saliva from 8 different chewing gums was collected and salivary flow rate and pH were determined. In another group of 112 healthy subjects, we investigated the preferences for the chewing gums with a 10-item questionnaire. Results: All gums had comparable effects on salivary flow rate and pH. The average increase in flow rate was 187% during the first minute of chewing compared with parafilm stimulation. After 10 minutes of gum chewing, the amount of saliva was equal to parafilm stimulation. The questionnaire showed differences in preferences for the chewing gums, which were related to taste and gum shape. Gender interactions were observed for sparkling taste (p = 0.019), total judgement (p = 0.047) and the willingness to use the gum for several weeks (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Although all chewing gums stimulated the salivary flow rate equally, the observed differences in preferences may influence long-term compliance. Therefore, we recommend that chewing gums are tested before the start of clinical studies, to identify the most accepted chewing gum for specific groups of patients.
Chewing gum and a saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2005
Background. Most patients on haemodialysis (HD) have to maintain a fluid-restricted diet to prevent a high interdialytic weight gain (IWG). The prevalence of xerostomia (the feeling of a dry mouth) is higher in HD patients than in controls. Recently, we demonstrated that xerostomia and thirst were positively correlated with IWG in HD patients. Thus, this may play a role as a stimulus for fluid intake between dialysis sessions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum or a saliva substitute on xerostomia, thirst and IWG. Methods. This study was a randomized two-treatment crossover design with repeated measures. After the use of chewing gum or saliva substitute for 2 weeks, a wash-out period of 2 weeks was introduced and hereafter the other regimen was carried out. Xerostomia and thirst were assessed by validated questionnaires as xerostomia inventory (XI) and dialysis thirst inventory (DTI), at baseline and after each treatment period, as were IWG and salivary flow rates. Results. Sixty-five HD patients (42 men, 54.6±14.1 years; 23 women, 54.7±16.3 years) participated in this study. Chewing gum decreased XI from 29.9±9.5 to 28.1±9.1 (P<0.05). Chewing gum as well as a saliva substitute reduced DTI significantly (P<0.05), but no differences occurred for the average IWG or salivary flow rates.
Chewing gum and al saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Background. Most patients on haemodialysis (HD) have to maintain a fluid-restricted diet to prevent a high interdialytic weight gain (IWG). The prevalence of xerostomia (the feeling of a dry mouth) is higher in HD patients than in controls. Recently, we demonstrated that xerostomia and thirst were positively correlated with IWG in HD patients. Thus, this may play a role as a stimulus for fluid intake between dialysis sessions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum or a saliva substitute on xerostomia, thirst and IWG. Methods. This study was a randomized two-treatment crossover design with repeated measures. After the use of chewing gum or saliva substitute for 2 weeks, a wash-out period of 2 weeks was introduced and hereafter the other regimen was carried out. Xerostomia and thirst were assessed by validated questionnaires as xerostomia inventory (XI) and dialysis thirst inventory (DTI), at baseline and after each treatment period, as were IWG and salivary flow rates. Results. Sixty-five HD patients (42 men, 54.6±14.1 years; 23 women, 54.7±16.3 years) participated in this study. Chewing gum decreased XI from 29.9±9.5 to 28.1±9.1 (P<0.05). Chewing gum as well as a saliva substitute reduced DTI significantly (P<0.05), but no differences occurred for the average IWG or salivary flow rates.
Background Xerostomia negatively affects quality of life. Symptoms include oral dryness; thirst; difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing food; oral discomfort; mouth soft tissue soreness and infections; and rampant tooth decay. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate if gum chewing is an intervention that results in objective improvements in salivary flow rates and subjective relief from xerostomia. Methods We searched electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and the citations of review papers (last searched 15/11/22). The study populations were elderly people with xerostomia (> 60 years old, any gender, and any severity of xerostomia), and medically compromised people with xerostomia. The intervention of interest was gum chewing. Comparisons included gum chewing vs. no gum chewing. The outcomes included salivary flow rate, self-reported xerostomia, and thirst. All settings and study designs were in scope. ...
Effect of Chewing Gum on Thirst in Kidney Failure Patients: Review
Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal)
Aims: Complaints of thirst accompanied by dry mouth are the main complaints of hemodialysis patients with poor compliance due to excess fluid intake, inability to restrict fluids, and high interdialytic weight. The interventions carried out to overcome thirst include sucking ice cubes, gargling with boiled water, and chewing gum. The effectiveness of chewing gum for people with CKD is still debated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of chewing gum in overcoming thirst in CKD patients on hemodialysis. Methods: The electronic databases used in this research are PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and Google Scholar. A search for reading materials was carried out to identify discussions that fit the inclusion criteria. The keywords used were "chewing gum", "hemodialysis," and "thirst." Results: We found 2350 articles based on the keyword, and seven articles meet the inclusion criteria after going through a series of articl...
Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology, 2019
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hyposalivation can cause many difficulties for patients like opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, mouth sores, and dysphagia as well as reduced quality of life (QOL). Methods such as using sugar-free chewing gum are recommended to treat this complication. Mastic is a natural substance and since it has various properties in addition to increasing salivary flow rate, it can reduce oral complications of patients suffering from xerostomia. In the present study, a comparison was made on the effect of chewing mastic and spearmint sugar-free chewing gum on saliva flow rate and pH. METHODS: This was a single blind interventional clinical study carried out on 26 healthy individuals (10 men and 16 women). Simple non-probability sampling method was used to select the subjects. Initially, unstimulating saliva was collected and then all subjects were asked to chew Parafilm, mastic, and spearmint sugar-free chewing gum with a randomized order and in a 15-minute interval. Salivary flow rate was estimated by dividing the amount of the collected saliva (weight or volume) by the sample collection period (5 minutes). Saliva pH was measured by a manual pH meter. Data were analyzed using SPSS software by t-test. RESULTS: A total of 26 volunteers (10 men and 16 women) participated in this study, with a mean age of 23.5 years. The saliva flow rate and pH after chewing mastic (the main substance in this study) were not significantly different from those after consuming the chewing gum (P > 0.050). Mastic and chewing gum increased the salivary flow rate significantly compared to Parafilm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that mastic and sugar-free chewing gum could increase salivary flow rate and pH. Due to the flavor and high price of sugar-free chewing gum, mastic can be recommended instead of sugar-free chewing gums.
2017
Background: Chewing sugar-free gums is a convenient way to increase salivary flow. Salivary flow increases in response to both gustatory (taste) and mechanical (chewing) stimuli, and chewing gum can provide both of these stimuli. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of fruit and mint flavored sucrose free chewing gum on salivary flow rate and pH. Methods: Twenty dental student volunteers (8 men and 12 women) having good general and oral health with the mean age of 20 years, were instructed to collect unstimulated saliva for 5 min. Stimulated saliva was collected at the intervals of 0-1, 1–3, and 3–6 minutes after chewing one of the four flavored chewing gums. The salivary flow rate and pH was measured for five consecutive days. The amount of saliva was calculated as (1 g = 1 mL) and flow rate was calculated as (mL/min). Results: The flow rate of fruit flavored chewing gums reached its peak at 1 st minute of stimulation compared to mint flavored which reached at the 6 th min...