Development of an ICP-AES technique for the determination of nickel content in blast furnace inputs (original) (raw)
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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2002
Volatile species of Ni were generated by merging acidified aqueous samples and sodium tetrahydroborate(III) in a continuous flow system. The gaseous analyte was subsequently introduced via a stream of Ar carrier into the inlet tube of the plasma torch. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for detection. The operating conditions (chemical and physical parameters) and the concentrations of different acids were evaluated for the efficient generation of Ni vapor. The detection limit (3 σ blank) was 1.8 ng mL-1. The precision (RSD) of the determination was 4.2% at a level of 500 ng mL-1 and 7.3% for 20 ng mL-1 (n=10). The efficiency of the generation process was estimated to be 51%. The possible interfering effect of transition metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn), hydride forming elements (As, Ge, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te), and Hg on Ni signal was examined. This study has demonstrated that Ni vapor generation is markedly free of interferences.
2013
Theoretical method of internal standard selection for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission analysis was tested on two systems (solutions after sample preparation of a) iron and b) copper-molybdenum ores, concentrates, slags). It involved the thermodynamic modeling of process in plasma at spraying of the solution. The effectiveness of internal standards selected in the modeling was demonstrated experimentally analysis error with their using decreased up to 2.5 times.
Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 2018
The atomic absorption spectrometric method was applied to the determination of the highconcentration of Nickel in ferronickel and other ferroalloys containing nickel. The influences ofexperimental parameters, such as wavelength, slit width, burner height,and fuel flow rate were evaluated.Instrumental conditions such as burner height, wavelength, fuel flow rate,and slit width have been optimized in a manner to achieve minimum absorption signal with low background. The effects of severalphysicalconditionslike slit width, fuel gas flow rate, burner height and calibration on the change in the absorbance of nickel under the optimized conditions were also studied. Theaccuracy of the procedure was sufficient and evaluated in comparison with other established methods suchas WDXRF and classical procedure by gravimetric method - Dimethylglyoxime (DMG). The applied procedure could be successfully applied for the determination ofnickel in ferronickel and other ferroalloys.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
According to data from the European Environmental Agency (EEA), taking into account only the energy production and distribution sector, Poland emits almost 12.4% of chromium, 13.6% of nickel, 23.5% of lead and 28.9% of zinc annually when compared to the total emissions of these pollutants released by the EU Members (EU28) in this sector [1]. Coal combustion processes constitute one of the biggest emission sources of the above-mentioned elements into the environment. According to data found in the literature of the subject, the amounts of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in Polish hard coals from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin are 7.3, 9.8, 24.3 and 53.6 mg/kg, respectively [2]. During coal combustion these elements are mostly accumulated in bottom and fly ash. However, a large part of them is released into the atmosphere in the form of gases or particles associated with fly ash [3]. Identification of distribution of the above-mentioned elements between by-products from the coal combustion processes (CCPs) is necessary to develop effective methods of reducing the emission of these elements into the environment. In the article the content was determined of four ecotoxic elements (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) in coal blends, samples of fly ashes, ash-slag samples and products of desulphurization (gypsum and filter cakes) which came from two Polish fossil fuel power plants. The content of the elements in all samples was determined with the application of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flame Atomization (FAAS).
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2007
Samples of high alloy Stainless Steel SS 1 were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at 5 research institutes in 4 European countries within the frame of an Inter-Laboratory Comparison (ILC) exercise aiming at checking if the results were independent of the standardization methods, and if INAA was accurate enough to contribute to certification. The mean element concentration values yielded by INAA were also compared with mean values obtained by atomic emission spectroscopy techniques at other laboratories that took part in the International Proficiency Testing organized by KIMAB Institute of Sweden, producer of the SS 1. The performances of the nuclear and atomic techniques were compared in terms of the z-score values calculated for 11 element concentrations evaluated by the two analytical ways. Finally, consideration is given to the ways in which highest accuracy and precision can be ensured for certifying stainless steels as CRMs.
Multielemental analysis of steels via atomic and nuclear methods
Romanian Journal of Physics
The capabilities of atomic and nuclear methods – Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Particle-Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) – for the determination of minor and trace constituents of steels have been investigated. The steel samples and standards were obtained from the ISPAT-SIDEX Iron and Steel Works of Galatzy. The minor and trace elements identified in the iron matrix of the steel samples were: K, V, Mn, Cr, Ti, W, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, As, Mo, Rb, In, Rh, Pb (by PIXE); S, P, Si, Al, Mn, C, Ti, Ni, Na, O (by proton-PIGE) and Co, Zn, Mn, V, Sb, Ti, As, Cr, Mo, Cu, P selecting only (p,n) reactions; As, Pb, Sb, P, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, Fe, Ni, O, Co, Mo, Zn, Si, S, Al, Mn, C (by deuteron-PIGE) and Mo, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, Co, Ti, Zn, Sb, Mn, O, S, Cu, Si, V, P, Al selecting only (d,n) reactions. Application of NAA technique followed by gamma spectrometry, has led to the identification of Mn, Al, V, As, Cu, W, Ni, Mo, Cr, Sb, Co, Na, K, Ce, La, Sm, Sc, Zr, ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2013
Certified alloys of Ni-Cu based, Fe based and Cu-Sn based were analysed by semi-absolute, standardless k 0 -instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -INAA) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) aiming at evaluating their comparative performances. In k 0 -INAA measurements, the irradiations were performed at miniaturized neutron source reactor having thermal neutron flux of about 1 9 10 12 cm -2 s -1 . The experimentally optimized parameters for INAA suggested a maximum of three irradiations for the quantification of 21 elements within 5 days. The same experiments also produced quantitative results of 13 elements not reported in the certificates of the reference materials. AAS was, however, unable to determine any of those elements. Accuracy of the two techniques was assessed by comparing their average root mean squared errors. The data analysis concluded that k 0 -INAA had better sensitivity and accuracy than FAAS.
Diyala Journal For Pure Science, 2017
This paper is devoted to spectral interference studies and line selection for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) when a low resolution spectrometer (∆λ min = 2 Å) is used for steel analysis. It has been identified that some of the most intense lines for Cobalt, Zirconium, Lead, Nickel, Niobium and Molybdenum at low resolution cannot be used owing to spectral interferences. Different interference free lines for Cobalt, Chromium, Vanadium, Nickel, Molybdenum and Manganese have therefore been selected. The possibility of differentiating different types of steel by recording their spectrum at particular regions of wavelength corresponding to their elemental composition has also been demonstrated in this paper.
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Applied to the Chemical Composition of Steel
In the technological application of steel, the knowledge of its chemical composition is of fundamental importance as it is directly related to various properties, such as, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, temperability and others. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, INAA, is an appropriate technique in the evaluation of the chemical composition of steel and other metallurgical materials due to the possibility of simultaneous determination of a great number of elements without the inconvenience of sample dissolution. Element determination is achieved with good accuracy and precision for major and minor constituents as well as for trace elements. In this paper, INAA was used in the determination of As, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, V and W in steel and iron samples and in certified reference materials. The obtained accuracy and precision were less than 10% for most of the elements confirming the possibility of its use in the study of metallic samples and in the certification of ne...