Organ printing: tissue spheroids as building blocks (original) (raw)
Related papers
Developmental biology and tissue engineering
Birth Defects Research Part C-embryo Today-reviews, 2007
Morphogenesis implies the controlled spatial organization of cells that gives rise to tissues and organs in early embryonic development. While morphogenesis is under strict genetic control, the formation of specialized biological structures of specific shape hinges on physical processes. Tissue engineering (TE) aims at reproducing morphogenesis in the laboratory, i.e., in vitro, to fabricate replacement organs for regenerative medicine. The classical approach to generate tissues/organs is by seeding and expanding cells in appropriately shaped biocompatible scaffolds, in the hope that the maturation process will result in the desired structure. To accomplish this goal more naturally and efficiently, we set up and implemented a novel TE method that is based on principles of developmental biology and employs bioprinting, the automated delivery of cellular composites into a three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible environment. The novel technology relies on the concept of tissue liquidity according to which multicellular aggregates composed of adhesive and motile cells behave in analogy with liquids: in particular, they fuse. We emphasize the major role played by tissue fusion in the embryo and explain how the parameters (surface tension, viscosity) that govern tissue fusion can be used both experimentally and theoretically to control and simulate the self-assembly of cellular spheroids into 3D living structures. The experimentally observed postprinting shape evolution of tube- and sheet-like constructs is presented. Computer simulations, based on a liquid model, support the idea that tissue liquidity may provide a mechanism for in vitro organ building. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81:320–328, 2007. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Biomimetic approach to tissue engineering
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2009
The overall goal of tissue engineering is to create functional tissue grafts that can regenerate or replace our defective or worn out tissues and organs. Examples of grafts that are now in pre/clinical studies or clinical use include engineered skin, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, bladder, trachea, and myocardium. Engineered tissues are also finding applications as platforms for pharmacological and physiological studies in vitro. To fully mobilize the cell's biological potential, a new generation of tissue engineering systems is now being developed to more closely recapitulate the native developmental milieu, and mimic the physiologic mechanisms of transport and signaling. We discuss the interactions between regenerative biology and engineering, in the context of (i) creation of functional tissue grafts for regenerative medicine (where biological input is critical), and (ii) studies of stem cells, development and disease (where engineered tissues can serve as advanced 3D models).
Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2016
One of the most significant breakthroughs in the field of mammalian regeneration has been the application of principles of bioengineering to guiding tissue regeneration. This approach is called tissue engineering. The goal of tissue engineering is the replacement of damaged tissues and organs with new tissue that mimics as closely as possible the overall structure and function of the original tissue. Some general strategies have been adopted to obtain new tissues they are: (1) use of autologous cells sources; (2) production of a scaffold for damaged target tissue; (3) tissue culture systems, and (4) Use of substances that induce the regeneration of damaged tissue. In this work, we discuss main aspects in the tissue engineering field.
Synthetic tissue biology: Tissue engineering meets synthetic biology
Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews, 2007
We propose the term ''synthetic tissue biology'' to describe the use of engineered tissues to form biological systems with metazoan-like complexity. The increasing maturity of tissue engineering is beginning to render this goal attainable. As in other synthetic biology approaches, the perspective is bottom-up; here, the premise is that complex functional phenotypes (on par with those in whole metazoan organisms) can be effected by engineering biology at the tissue level. To be successful, current efforts to understand and engineer multicellular systems must continue, and new efforts to integrate different tissues into a coherent structure will need to emerge. The fruits of this research may include improved understanding of how tissue systems can be integrated, as well as useful biomedical technologies not traditionally considered in tissue engineering, such as autonomous devices, sensors, and manufacturing. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81:354-361,
A Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering: From a Top–Down to a Bottom–Up Strategy
Processes, 2021
Tissue engineering (TE) was initially designed to tackle clinical organ shortage problems. Although some engineered tissues have been successfully used for non-clinical applications, very few (e.g., reconstructed human skin) have been used for clinical purposes. As the current TE approach has not achieved much success regarding more broad and general clinical applications, organ shortage still remains a challenging issue. This very limited clinical application of TE can be attributed to the constraints in manufacturing fully functional tissues via the traditional top–down approach, where very limited cell types are seeded and cultured in scaffolds with equivalent sizes and morphologies as the target tissues. The newly proposed developmental engineering (DE) strategy towards the manufacture of fully functional tissues utilises a bottom–up approach to mimic developmental biology processes by implementing gradual tissue assembly alongside the growth of multiple cell types in modular sc...