Base Station Energy Performance Improvement with Optimum Switching Frequency based on the Concept of Cell Zooming (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2015
https://www.ijert.org/base-station-energy-performance-improvement-with-optimum-switching-frequency-based-on-the-concept-of-cell-zooming https://www.ijert.org/research/base-station-energy-performance-improvement-with-optimum-switching-frequency-based-on-the-concept-of-cell-zooming-IJERTV4IS050044.pdf The concept of sleep mode is widely applicable in a cellular network in which the base station can be turned off if certain traffic and power conditions are met. So this technique is most often used for power saving. On the other hand, the concept of cell zooming is emerging as a very promising technology to reduce power consumption. In cell zooming, the original size of the cell can be changed according to the incoming or outgoing traffic load of that particular cell both for homogenous and heterogeneous networks. So, in this process the cell size is increased or decreased based on the traffic intensity of the cell. In this paper an algorithm is proposed which merges the concept of cell zooming and sleep mode together for significant power reduction in a cellular network. The algorithm is examined for three different traffic conditions to calculate the power saving.
IJERT-A Survey Report on Cell Zooming for an Energy Efficient Cellular Network
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/a-survey-report-on-cell-zooming-for-an-energy-efficient-cellular-network https://www.ijert.org/research/a-survey-report-on-cell-zooming-for-an-energy-efficient-cellular-network-IJERTV3IS120592.pdf There is a prompt growth of cellular systemwhichhas decisiveissueto meet energy utilization. The cell zooming concept has been used in green cellular network to overcome the enormous energy utilization of the base station. This paper investigates various cell zooming methods which have flexibility to regulate the cell size based on the various traffic loads, channel status in sequence and the user status. The performance of cell zooming has been performed. The vital advantage of the cell zooming is to rescue energy in a cellular system. In this paper, the various energy efficient techniques and algorithms are discussed.
Base Station Energy Efficiency Improvement for Next Generation Mobile Networks
As more and more Base Stations (BSs) are being deployed by mobile operators to meet the ever increasing data traffic, solutions have to be found to try and reduce BS energy consumption to make the BSs more energy efficient and to reduce the mobile networks' operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, a BS sleeping technology deployable in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed. The proposed scheme is validated by using extensive OMNeT++/SimuLTE simulations. From the simulations, it is shown that some lightly loaded micro BSs can be put to sleep in a HetNet when the network traffic is very low without compromising the QoS of the mobile network.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012
Over the last two decades we have witnessed significant growth of the cellular network energy consumption caused by a rapid increase in the number of mobile users and data volumes. This is contributed to by a tenfold increase of data rates every 5 years, and such a trend in up growth of energy consumption will continue with the introduction of a new throughput demanding services. Hence, development of new energy-saving techniques and estimation of the influence on energy savings when ensuring different service rates are the focus of this article. For the purpose of reducing cellular network energy consumption, this article proposes a new approach to energy-efficient management of network resources. The energy-efficient management is based on adaptive changes of on/off states of a complete base station (BS) site in accordance with the traffic pattern variations. Besides adaptations to the temporal traffic variations, the BS can adapt capacity to the spatial traffic variations through dynamic scaling of transmitted power according to capacity demand. We formulate the problem of energy-efficient management as a binary integer programming problem dedicated to energy consumption minimization of a complete network. Proposed methodology is simulated on a set of real size Universal Mobile Telecommunications System network instances consisting of different radio propagation environments. In addition, this article analyzes the influence on the energy savings potential of BSs switching granularity. Obtained results show that the proposed optimization approach offers significant reductions in the network energy consumption while preserving the most important QoS constraints like full area coverage and guaranteed service rates.
Performance Analysis of Cell Zooming Based Centralized Algorithm for Energy Efficient in Surabaya
EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, 2016
The cellular subscribers’s growth over the years increases the traffic volume at Base Stations (BSs) significantly. Typically, in central business district (CBD) area, the traffic load in cellular network in the daytime is relatively heavy, and light in the daynight. But, Base Station still consumes energy normally. It can cause the energy consumption is wasted. On the other hand, energy consumption being an important issue in the world. Because, higher energy consumption contributes on increasing of emission. Thus, it requires for efficiency energy methods by switching BS dynamically. The methods are Lower-to-Higher (LH) and Higher-to-Lower (HL) scheme on centralized algorithm. In this paper propose cell zooming technique which can adjusts the cell size dynamic based on traffic condition. The simulation result by using Lower-to-Higher (LH) scheme can save the network energy consumption up to 70.7917% when the number of mobile user is 37 users and 0% when the number of mobile user ...
Sleep mode management in cellular networks: a traffic based technique enabling energy saving
Because of the environmental policies that pursue a significant reduction of global greenhouse gas and to the ambition of the network operators to keep under control operational and maintenance expenditures, energy efficiency has recently become one of the most relevant issues for present and future research activities. This contribution deals with the management of the base station sleep mode in a cellular network. The forecasting based sleep mode algorithm, justified by daily and weekly periodic behaviour of traffic, is presented and evaluated for general deployments of second and third generation cellular networks. The energy consumption of each base station and the area power consumption are the metrics, which are considered for our simulations. The results show a significant increase of the energy efficiency during low traffic periods with respect to the usual scenario, thanks to the adoption of the proposed strategy. The forecasting based sleep mode algorithm has been also compared with a strategy based on real-time measurements and the results show similar performances while the number of updates of the network configuration and the global complexity are decreased.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012
In this study, a power consumption model as a function of the traffic is developed for macrocell base stations based on measurements on an actual base station. This model allows us to develop energy-efficient wireless access networks by combining the Green radio access network design (GRAND) tool designed by the authors, which develops an always-on network with a minimal power consumption for a predefined area, and an algorithm that introduces power reducing techniques in the network such as sleep modes and cell zooming. Green-field deployments and optimization of existing networks are investigated. For a green-field deployment, it was found that introducing sleep modes and cell zooming in the network can reduce the power consumption by up to 14.4% compared to the network without sleep modes and cell zooming. Optimizing existing networks by applying GRAND (without sleep modes and cell zooming) results in a power consumption reduction of 34.5% compared to the original network. A careful selection of base station locations already results in a significant energy saving. Introducing sleep modes and cell zooming to the current networks results in a saving of 8%. Sleep modes and cell zooming are promising energy-saving techniques for future wireless networks. temporal variations of wireless access networks have only been studied in and not experimentally.
Energy efficiency is one of the main challenges to be faced by mobile communications in the near future. The growth of the mobile communications market which is boosted by the increasing penetration of smartphones and laptops requires an increase of the network capacity and, consequently, a great leap forward also for the infrastructures. In this scenario, in order to reduce the operative expenditures, the network operators pay attention to energy saving strategies that may also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse emissions. In this paper the exponential smoothing technique is applied to forecast traffic in a given area considering daily and weekly variations. The availability of a reliable prediction of the future traffic values allows the adaptation of macro base station transmission power and the introduction of a sleep mode for micro base stations and permits to guarantee the requested network capacity while saving energy consumption. Results show the effectiveness of traffic forecast technique for capacity prediction and the usefulness of the proposed algorithms for energy efficiency maximization, affording very good performance, very close to the optimum one.
A Base Station Switching Scheme for Green Cellular Networks
Abstract: A cellular network is radio network distributed over land through cells where each cells include a fixed location transceiver known as a Base Station (BS). The major concern for cellular operators is achieving energy efficiency in cellular network. They have to maintain profitability and at the same time reduce the negative impact on environment. A lot of research has been carried out concerning energy efficient or green cellular networks. In a cellular network, the BSs consume the highest amount of energy compared to other components. The focus of this paper is on reducing the energy consumption in the BS. A cellular network can be made more energy efficient by using a design based on switching BSs. Significant energy savings can be obtained by considering the uplink and downlink traffic for the switching purpose. Keywords: Green cellular network, energy saving, base station switching, green communication