Relationship between Adaptive Functioning and Severity of Symptoms among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (original) (raw)
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Associated factors with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a case-control study
Archives of Iranian medicine
The current study attempted to investigate factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children without co-morbidities. In this case-control study, 164 ADHD children who attended the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran were compared with 166 normal children selected in a random-cluster method from primary and secondary schools. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV-TR using K-SADS were used to diagnose ADHD cases and to select the control group. Participants were matched for age. We used chi-square and binary logistic regression for data analysis. Among the associated factors with ADHD were gender and maternal employment. Boys (OR 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.34 - 0.86) and those children with working mothers (OR 0.16: 95% confidence interval: 0.06 - 0.86) suffered more from ADHD. The birth season, family size, birth order, and parental kinship were not among risk factors for ADHD. The results of th...
Risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a sample of Egyptian adolescents
Middle East Current Psychiatry, 2013
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood and adolescence that represents a public health problem with long-term adverse effects on academic, vocational and social development. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess some putative risk factors that may be associated with ADHD in Egyptian adolescents compared to matched healthy controls. Methods 925 preparatory school students were randomly selected from private and public schools in Eastern Cairo. We used the Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self report Scale Short form (CASS: S), as a screener for ADHD students. Those scoring >65 were considered potential ADHD cases, and were assessed by the kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) for establishing a diagnosis then were further evaluated by: Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) to assess intellectual abilities. School performances prepared by teachers were recorded. Students were asked to complete a Designed Questionnaire fulfilling data including family background. A local scale for social class classification was administered. We finally compared the ADHD group with a matched healthy control group. Results 9.4% (N = 87) of the selected sample had ADHD. The diagnosis of ADHD was significantly associated with low socioeconomic state (8.0%), first sib order (42.5%), quarrelsome home atmosphere (21.8%). One third of the ADHD sample was exposed to cold family relations and criticism with a highly significant association (Po0.001); a similar percentage was exposed to parental aggression and abuse but displayed significant statistical association Po0.05. Students with ADHD were significantly exposed to postnatal complications (23%), and had more joint (20.7%) and chest (26.4%) diseases; their school performance and IQ scores displayed very highly significant lower values than the control group. Risk factors associated with ADHD were family history of psychiatric illness, history of head trauma, first sib order, delayed sphincter control, epilepsy and parental disharmony. Conclusion Our findings highlighted important differences between ADHD subjects and healthy students in several aspects as psychosocial adversities and physical health and delineated significant associations between ADHD and some putative risk factors. These findings would serve as a useful guidance tip for early management of ADHD adolescents and their families who display those risk factors.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2021
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasons for visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its related risk factors among children at elementary schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779 elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: According to teachers’ responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementary schools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significant relationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers’ smoking habits, previous ex...
Psychometric Properties of ADHD Rating Scale—5 for Children and Adolescents in Sudan—School Version
Frontiers in Psychology, 2022
The ADHD Rating Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents, School Version, has been adopted and validated to be used in assessing ADHD among school children within Western contexts. However, there are few assessment tools in use for identifying ADHD characteristics in children in Sudan. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of this rating scale in the context of Sudan. To accomplish this, data were collected on a sample of 3,742 school-aged children and adolescents as reported by their teachers. Psychometric properties can be classified as very good, with very high reliability (>0.90), and high construct validity tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Thus, the ADHD Rating Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents, School Version, is valid, reliable, and suitable to use for assessing ADHD symptoms among children and adolescents in the Sudanese context.
Psychosocial Correlates of Behavioural Problems in Children with Adhd in Special Schools in Pakistan
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 2016
ADHD'li çocuklardaki davranış problemlerinin psikososyal yönlerini ve bu özelliklerle bağlantılı cinsiyet farklılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla Pakistan'ın farklı şehirlerinden 150'si erkek, 150'si kız olmak üzere toplam 300 ADHD'li çocuk seçilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması için amaçlı örnekleme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, WHO Yaşam Kalite Ölçeği ile Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi kullanılmıştır. Hipotez denemesi için betimleyici istatistikler, Pearson korelasyonu ve bağımsız grup T testine başvurulmuştur. Veri analizi için SSPS (Sosyal Bilimler İstatistik Programı) yazılımının 20. versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sosyal destek ve yaşam kalitesinin ADHD'li çocuklardaki davranış problemleriyle ters korelasyonlu olduğunu göstermiştir. Cinsiyet farklılıkları, ADHD sorunu olan erkek çocuklardaki davranış problemlerinin sosyal yaşam kalitesi daha iyi olan kız çocuklarına oranla daha yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yapılan bu çalışma, sosyal destek ve yaşam kalitesi ile ADHD'li çocukların sergilediği davranış problemleri arasında negatif ilişki olduğu sonucunu çıkarmıştır. Buna göre, daha iyi bir sosyal destek ve yaşam kalitesi temin edilmesi halinde ADHD'li çocukların zihin sağlığı geliştirilebilir ve yaşadıkları davranış problemleri aza indirgenebilir.
Motor ability and adaptive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder. Previous studies have reported that children with ADHD exhibit deficits of adaptive function and insufficient motor ability. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between adaptive function and motor ability in children with ADHD compared with a group of normal children. The study group included 25 children with ADHD (19 boys and 6 girls), aged from 4.6 years to 8.6 years (mean AE standard deviation, 6.5 AE 1.2). A group of 24 children without ADHD (normal children) were selected to match the children with ADHD on age and gender. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, which includes three subtests, was used to assess the motor ability of the children of both groups. The Chinese version of Adaptive Behavior Scales, which consists of 12 life domains, was used to assess adaptive function of the children with ADHD. Compared with the normal children, children with ADHD exhibited poorer motor ability on all the three subtests of motor assessment. In the ADHD group, nine (36%) children had significant motor impairments and seven (28%) were borderline cases. A total of 10 (40%) children with ADHD had definite adaptive problems in one or more adaptive domains. With statistically controlling of IQ for the ADHD group, those children with impaired motor ability had significantly poorer behaviors in the adaptive domain of home living (p Z 0.035). Moreover, children with ADHD who had severely impaired manual dexterity performed worse than the control group in the adaptive domains of home living (r Z À0.47, p Z 0.018), socialization (r Z À0.49, p Z 0.013), and self-direction (r Z À0.41, p Z 0.040). In addition, children with poorer ball skills had worse home living behavior (r Z À0.56, p Z 0.003). Children who had more impaired balance exhibited poorer performance in social behavior (r Z À0.41, p Z 0.040). This study found significant correlation between motor ability and adaptive function in children with ADHD, especially in their adaptive domains
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
This study aims to 1. Estimate the frequency of ADHD in a randomly selected students sample from schools of Tripoli 2. To identify the gender difference in the epidemiology of ADHD. 3. To compare the distribution of ADHD among different age. Methods: The study took place in Tripoli, Libya. Data was collected over a two year period between 2102-2014, from the teachers. The Arabic version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was used. The sample size was1000 children aged between 4 to16 years who were at-tending a randomly selected school, and then children were randomly sampled from each class. Data was analyzed to describe normative scores, bandings and cut-offs for normal, bor-derline and abnormal score. Result: The prevalence of ADHD in the sample is 15.8%, with male is more affected than female, high percentage in 7-12years old children. Key word: Tripoli, Libya, ADHD, school and kindergartens, SDQ.
Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2019
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common public health issue in children. This condition, marked by inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyper-activity, and frequently associated with impairment of daily home function, social relation, and academic achievement. The study aim to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with ADHD. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in Damietta governorate, Egypt in a period from April, 2018 to the end of October, 2018. A total of 947 children (aged 6-10 years) with their parents along were randomly included. All those diagnosed as ADHD (107 children) were selected as a case group and 214 non-ADHD children, selected as a control group (2 controls for every case randomly chosen from those have not ADHD). Results: the study revealed the prevalence of ADHD was 11.3%. The results of the binary logistic regression test indicated that, child gender, birth weight, smoking exposure during pregnancy, mother's age at child birth and family type were independently associated with the occurrence of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is prevalent public health problem and associated with important risk factors; child gender, birth weight, smoking exposure during pregnancy, mother's age at child birth and nuclear family type.
2015
Today attention / hyperactivity deficiency disorder is one of the prevalent disorders among children with some symptoms like absent-mindedness, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, be impulsive and dangerous behaviors that can follow serious results. This disorder interfere with child's life in family, school and society so that child's disabilities can last until puberty ages and if no cure, it prepares child for society vulnerability and psychiatry for future. The importance of cure for these children with ADHD becomes more clear by being higher of delinquency, accident – prone, abuse drug and bipolar disorder with attention to the importance of this disorder in children and its results, the present study occurred with the aim of determining ADHD disorder prevalence and relationship with social growth and attachment style of parents among elementary school students of Tonekabon city in 2012-2013. The sample with 500 persons (250 male and 250 female) were selected from research s...