Simultaneous application of two herbicides and green compost in a field experiment: Implications on soil microbial community (original) (raw)
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Effects of organic amendment and herbicide treatment on soil microbial biomass
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000
The interactive effects of vermi-compost from sewage sludge and either the sulfonylurea herbicide, rimsulfuron, or the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, on some soil biochemical and microbiological properties were investigated. The herbicides were applied at field and 10-fold field rates. Both herbicides exerted a detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass and its biochemical properties. Even though the effect of both herbicides on soil microbial biomass was not detectable at the field rate, some significant influences on acid and alkaline phosphatase were observed. The higher rate of herbicide application impaired the observed microbial parameters to a greater degree. The detrimental effects seemed to be reduced by organic amendments. Among the studied microbial characteristics, the specific respiration quotient was particularly reliable and sensitive in determining the influence of herbicides on the soil microbial biomass. In this paper a new synthetic index, specific hydrolytic activity (qFDA), for assessing microbial activity in reply to xenobiotic treatments is proposed.
Effect of Pesticides on the Soil Microbial Activity
2013
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of commonly used pesticides such as Pendimethaline, Trifluralin, Glyphosphate, 2, 4-D, and MCPA (Chwastox) on microbial activities in soil. Two types of clean soils were amended with recommended level of pesticides and incubated in the laboratory at 35°C for 15 days. Microbial activities in the form of CO2 production were measured during incubation at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15 day intervals. CO2 production was not affected substantially by any of the applied doses of pesticides. However, the total amount of CO2 produced during 15 days was suppressed by all pesticides, except MCPA (Chwastox). The effect of pesticides on microbial activities varied greatly with the type of pesticides used. The MCPA Chwastox did not exert any inhibitory effect on the respiratory rate of microbes, while other selected pesticides showed highly toxic effect on soil microbial activity.
Effect of Some Commonly Used Herbicides on Soil Microbial Population
Journal of environment and earth science, 2016
Herbicide application has become an integral part of vibrant agricultural productivity in the whole world since its benefit has been overwhelming over the years. However, its toxic impact on the non-target soil microorganisms which play roles in degrading organic matter, nitrogen and nutrient recycling and decomposition needs to be considered. In the present study, the effect of four (4) most commonly used herbicides in Ghana; Atrazine, 2, 4-D amine, Glyphosate and Paraquat on soil microorganisms was assessed over a period of fifteen continuous days (exposure period). The herbicide treatments were the normal recommended field rate, (6.67 mg active ingredient per gram of soil for Atrazine, 6.17 mg for 2, 4-D amine, 5.56 mg for Glyphosate, and 2.46 mg for Paraquat), half and double of the recommended field rate. Bacterial and Fungal populations were then determined at a five-day interval up to the 15 th day after treatment. The data gathered from bacterial enumeration was logarithmic...
Effect of pesticides on soil microorganisms
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
In light of the rapidly growing human population, extensive pesticides have been utilized to maximize crop production. This has become a major environmental concern. To assess the influence of commonly used pesticides on soil microorganisms counts and microbial activities in the form of CO 2 production, a factorial experiment was conducted. Herbicide (Glyset I.P.A, Glyphosate 48%) and insecticides Miraj (Alphacypermethrin 10%) and Malathion (50% WP) were separately added to the soil at 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm and incubated in the laboratory at 30 °C. The counts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and CO 2 production were examined weekly for 7 consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that the addition of the three mentioned pesticides significantly decreased the microbial activities and counts of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The observed effect was depended upon the type and amount of pesticide as well as the length of incubation period. The microbial activities and the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticides added to the soil. In most treatments, soil samples treated with 200ppm of Malathion demonstrated the lowest microbial activities and counts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. This study suggests that the investigated pesticides negatively affect microbial counts and activity in soil, which confirms and reinforces previously reported environmental concerns. .
2013
Herbicides are biologically active compounds, and an unintended consequence of its application may lead to significant changes in microbial populations and activities influencing microbial ecological balance affecting soil fertility. The fate of herbicides applied in agricultural ecosystems is governed by the transfer and degradation processes, and their interaction with soil microorganisms. The increasing reliance of sustainable agriculture on herbicides has led to concern about their ecotoxicological effects influencing microbial populations and enzyme activities, which may serve as indicators of soil quality. The effects of herbicides (butachlor, pyrozosulfuran, paraquat and glyphosate) on soil organic carbon, microbial biomass-C, enzyme activities (amylase, invertase, protease, urease and dehydrogenase) were assessed over a period of four weeks. There was significant reduction in organic carbon with time. Herbicides treatment resulted an initial increase upto 14 th day followed ...
Environmental Fate of Triasulfuron in Soils Amended with Municipal Waste Compost
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2004
reason the fate of a pesticide in soil can be determined by the complex interactions between the intrinsic prop-The amendment of soil with compost may significantly influence erties of the pesticide, soil properties that define the the mobility and persistence of pesticides and thus affect their environmental fate. Factors like adsorption, kinetics, and rate of degradation medium containing the pesticide, and climate that deterof pesticides could be altered in amended soils. The aim of this study mines temperature, water, and air fluxes. was to determine the effects of the addition of compost made from The environmental fate of pesticides in soil may be source-separated municipal waste and green waste, on the fate of triagreatly influenced by compost application because this sulfuron [(2-(2-chloroethoxy)-N-[[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinpractice increases the soil OM content and OM is report-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide], a sulfonylurea herbicide edly a major component in the sorption, transformation, used in postemergence treatment of cereals. Two native soils with and transport of many organic pollutants in soil (Barrilow organic matter content were used. A series of analyses was peruso et al., 1997; Cox et al., 2001). Specifically, pesticide formed to evaluate the adsorption and degradation of the herbicide sorption has been shown to increase by organic amendin soil and in solution after the addition of compost and compostment addition to soil (Barriuso et al., 1997; Businelli et extracted organic fractions, namely humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (HoDOM). Results
Soil microorganisms have a primary role in the environment through degradation of plant and animal residues. The activities of microorganisms in soil are thus essential to the global cycling of nutrients. As these pesticides are designed to be biologically active their continuous use might affect soil microflora which may lead to impairment in soil fertility. The effect of five pesticides (Cypermethrin, Malathion, Victor, Monocil and Tafgor) and five biopesticides (Folicon, Paeciliomyces lilacinus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas florescens and Beauveria bassiana) on soil microbial biomass carbon was assessed under laboratory conditions. Pesticide treatment resulted in short lived transient toxic effect on soil microbial biomass carbon. The microbial biomass carbon content of soil increased with time in biopesticide treated soil which has a good role in agriculture production. In case of Victor treated soil, a drastic decrease in microbial biomass carbon was observed as compared to o...
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018
This study evaluated three herbicides active ingredients: Paraquat, Glyphosate and 2,4-D Amine in commercial formulations as Frankoquat, Roundup and Agriherb respectively under field conditions to determine their influence on soil dwelling macrobes and the physical state of soil. Herbicides were serially diluted to three treatment concentrations for each plus three controls. Herbicide concentrations were applied to the demarcated field on three consecutive occasions in splits. Macrobes extraction from soil was done under a stereo microscope at 20 × magnification. The Simpson's diversity index was used to calculate the soil macrobes diversity. Soil water content, bulk density and total porosity of sampled soils were determined. The study revealed that both herbicides and non-herbicides treatment had no statistical significance (p > 0.05) on the soil dwelling macrobes. Also, a Simpson's index of diversity, estimated as 53.46%, showed how the experimental area is lowly diverse in the specific soil dwelling macrobes identified. Significant correlations existed between the soil water content, bulk density, total porosity and number of soil macrobes at p < 0.05. This level of significance showed in most instances for Frankoquat herbicide concentration treatments as well as Roundup. For Agriherb and control treatments the correlations were present but majority was not significant. In most situations, the soil dwelling macrobes decreased with increasing soil physical conditions. Thus, the dynamics in soil physical properties affected macrobes abundance in soil, with the slightest influence coming from the herbicides concentrations used in the experiment. The study recommended that Frankoquat and Roundup herbicides could be used to control weeds on farmer's field because, their influence were slightly felt on the soil macrobes and also, quite a number soil dwelling macrobes recovered after application.
Fertilization can modify the non-target effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2012
A three-month mesocosm experiment was performed to unravel interactions between pesticides (difenoconazole: fungicide, deltamethrin: insecticide, ethofumesate: herbicide) and fertilizers (NPK synthetic fertilizer, compost) regarding the potential non-target effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities. To this aim, pesticides and fertilizers were applied to soil at a rate of 5 mg active ingredient kg À1 DW soil and 185 mg N kg À1 DW soil, respectively. Soil sampling was done after 0, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation in order to determine pesticide degradation rates and microbial properties: enzyme activities, basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, potentially mineralizable N, nitrification rate and denitrification potential. By the end of the incubation, difenoconazole, deltamethrin and ethofumesate in non-fertilized soils were degraded by 52, 85 and 93%, with half-lives of 86, 36 and 29 days, respectively. Compost application had a stimulatory effect on difenoconazole and deltamethrin degradation. NPK fertilization led to a 26% increase in ethofumesate half-life in soil. Difenoconazole and deltamethrin caused a short-term inhibitory effect on microbial activity in non-fertilized soils, but not in fertilized soils. A short-term antagonistic effect between NPK fertilization and deltamethrin or ethofumesate presence was found regarding their inhibitory effect on potentially mineralizable N. In compostfertilized soils, pesticides (especially, ethofumesate) counteracted the stimulatory effect of compost on denitrification potential. Pesticides caused a slight negative effect on the capacity of soils to recycle nutrients that was counteracted at day 90 by the addition of compost, as reflected by the values of the treated-soil quality index. We concluded that fertilizers can modify both pesticide degradation rates and their non-target effects on soil microbial communities.