The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test: Investigation of Psychometric Properties and Test-Retest Reliability of the Persian Version (original) (raw)
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The 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (RMET) is a test of a Theory of Mind, i.e., the ability to infer the states of minds of other people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Polish adaptation of the RMET. The sample consisted of 447 participants, aged 18-85. The internal consistency of the RMET was 0.668; the upper confidence interval was 0.718. The score in the Polish version of the RMET was positively correlated with the English version. Test-retest stability was acceptable, with ICC = 0.886. The correlation of RMET and the cognitive empathy measure confirms the theoretical assumptions. There were significant gender differences in RMET scores: women had higher scores than men. Elderly groups of participants differ statistically from younger groups of participants in the RMET. The Polish version of the RMET showed satisfactory psychometric parameters, comparable to those of the original version.
Introduction. The ''Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' test (henceforth, Eyes test) is a simple but advanced Theory of Mind test, and it is widely used across different cultures. This study assessed the reliability and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity of the Eyes test in Italy. Methods. A sample of 18-to 32-year-old undergraduate students of both sexes (N 0200, males 046%) were invited to fill in the Italian version of the Eyes test, the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS). Results. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was .605. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for a unidimensional model, with maximal weighted internal consistency reliability 0.719. TestÁretest reliability for the Eyes test, as measured by intraclass correlation coefficient, was .833 (95% confidence inter-val0.745 to .902). Females scored significantly higher than males on both the Eyes test and the EQ, replicating earlier work. Those participants who scored lower than 30 on the EQ (n010) also scored lower on the Eyes test than those who did not
Test-retest reliability of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test: a one-year follow-up study
Molecular autism, 2013
The 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' (Eyes) test is an advanced test of theory of mind. It is widely used to assess individual differences in social cognition and emotion recognition across different groups and cultures. The present study examined distributions of responses and scores on a Spanish version of the test in a non-clinical Spanish adult population, and assessed test-retest reliability over a 1-year interval. A total of 358 undergraduates of both sexes, age 18 to 65 years, completed the Spanish version of the test twice over an interval of 1 year. The Bland-Altman method was used to calculate test-retest reliability. Distributions of responses and scores were optimal. Test-retest reliability for total score on the Eyes test was .63 (P <.01), based on the intraclass correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability using the Bland-Altman method was fairly good. This is the first study providing evidence that the Eyes test is reliable and stable over a 1-year period...
2012
The &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Reading the Mind in the Eyes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; test (henceforth, Eyes test) is a simple but advanced Theory of Mind test, and it is widely used across different cultures. This study assessed the reliability and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity of the Eyes test in Italy. A sample of 18- to 32-year-old undergraduate students of both sexes (N=200, males=46%) were invited to fill in the Italian version of the Eyes test, the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS). Internal consistency (Cronbach&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s alpha) was .605. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for a unidimensional model, with maximal weighted internal consistency reliability=.719. Test-retest reliability for the Eyes test, as measured by intraclass correlation coefficient, was .833 (95% confidence interval=.745 to .902). Females scored significantly higher than males on both the Eyes test and the EQ, replicating earlier work. Those participants who scored lower than 30 on the EQ (n=10) also scored lower on the Eyes test than those who did not (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;.05). Eyes test scores were not related to social desirability. This study confirms the validity of the Eyes test. Both internal consistency and test-retest stability were good for the Italian version of the Eyes test.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Child and Adult Form of “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test”
Psychology, 2014
The purpose of this study is to examine psychometric properties of "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test" for both children and adult forms. Adult study group consists of 268 participants between the age of 18-60 (59.7% female, 40.03% male). Children study group consists of 202 normally developed children and 33 children with autism between the ages of 6 to 16. In the study, 42.1% of children participants (N = 99) were female and 57.9% were male (N = 136). According to results, both forms have adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach Alpha value for adult form is 0.71 and for children form is 0.72). In children form, construct validity was examined in terms of age, gender and diagnosis and differentiation of this group were determined. Adults form is determined as a reliable and valid form for high school graduated individuals.
Croatian Adaptation of the Revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET)
Psihologijske teme
The aim of this research was to translate and adapt the revised version of the "Reading the mind in the eyes test" (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) to the Croatian language, and to provide preliminary data on its reliability, factor structure and convergent validity in a healthy population of Croatian students. After translation and adaptation, the Croatian version of the RMET was administered to 146 undergraduate and graduate students (84 female and 62 male participants). Together with the RMET, we administered the Emotional Empathy Scale (Raboteg-Šarić, 1993). Results show low internal consistency reliability of the Croatian adaptation of the RMET and adequate reliability measured with maximal reliability H coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis marginally supports the unidimensional model. Convergent validity was marginally confirmed by a significant positive correlation between REMT and empathy. Additionally, we created a short version of the RMET, showing adequate fit in...
Psychometric evaluation and validation of the Serbian version of “Reading the mind in the eyes” test
Psihologija, 2017
Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test (RMET) is one of the most popular and widely used measures of individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities. Despite demonstrating good validity in differentiating various clinical groups exhibiting ToM deficits from unimpaired controls, previous studies raised the question of the RMET's homogeneity, latent structure, and reliability. The aim of this study is to provide evidence on psychometric properties, latent structure, and validity of the newly adapted Serbian version of the RMET. In total, 260 participants (61.9% females) took part in the study. The sample consisted of both unimpaired controls (76.5%), and a clinical group of participants that are believed to demonstrate ToM deficits (23.5%), namely, persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (54.1% females). RMET has demonstrated fair psychometric properties (KMO = .723; α = .747; H1 = .076; H5 = .465), successfully differentiating between clinical group and control [F (1,254) = 26.175, p <.001, η 2 p = .093], while typical gender differences in performance were found only in control group. Tests of several models based on the previous literature revealed that the affect-specific factors underlying performance on RMET demonstrate poor fit. The best fitting model obtained included reduced scale with a single-factor underlying the test's performance (TLI = .953, CFI = .958, RMSEA = .020). Based on the fit parameters we propose 18-item short-form of the Serbian version of RMET (KMO = .797; α = .728; H1 = .129; H5 = .677) for economic, reliable and valid measurement of ToM abilities.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022
In the largest study to date (as far as we know) on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test (Eyes Test)-a performance task of "theory of mind"-we leveraged four unique datasets (total N = 312,739), using the English version of the Eyes Test. We found an on-average female advantage across 57 countries. In line with this is a systematic review of translated (non-English) versions of the Eyes Test identifying an on-average female advantage in eight out of eight different languages. Cross-sectional analyses also showed subtle age differences in Eyes Test scores across the lifespan. We conclude that there is an on-average female advantage across the majority of countries tested. Future research should investigate this in non-English speakers.
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015
The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test is a popular measure of individual differences in Theory of Mind that is often applied in the assessment of particular clinical populations (primarily, individuals on the autism spectrum). However, little is known about the test's psychometric properties, including factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity evidence. We present a psychometric analysis of the test followed by an evaluation of other empirically proposed and statistically identified structures. We identified, and cross-validated in a second sample, an adequate short-form solution that is homogeneous with adequate internal consistency, and is moderately related to Cognitive Empathy, Emotion Perception, and strongly related to Vocabulary. We recommend the use of this short-form solution in normal adults as a more precise measure over the original version. Future revisions of the test should seek to reduce the test's reliance on one's vocabulary and evaluate the short-form structure in clinical populations.