The Retrenchment Hypothesis and the Extension of the Franchise in England and Wales (original) (raw)

Voting suffrage and the political budget cycle: Evidence from the London Metropolitan Boroughs 1902–1937

Journal of Public Economics, 2014

We study the opportunistic political budget cycle in the London Metropolitan Boroughs between 1902 and 1937 under two different suffrage regimes: taxpayer suffrage (1902–1914) and universal suffrage (1921–1937). We argue and find supporting evidence that the political budget cycle operates differently under the two types of suffrage. Taxpayer suffrage, where the right to vote and the obligation to pay local taxes are linked, encourages demands for retrenchment and the political budget cycle manifests itself in election year tax cuts and savings on administration costs. Universal suffrage, where all adult residents can vote irrespective of their taxpayer status, creates demands for productive public services and the political budget cycle manifests itself in election year hikes in capital spending and a reduction in current spending.

The changing character of municipal elections 1835-1974

This article focuses on elections to municipal borough councils between 1835, when their constitutions were reformed under the Municipal Corporations Act of that year, and their demise in 1974. The 1835 Act marked the first step in the democratisation of local government, applying, in part, the principle of direct election. Two particular aspects of local electoral history are considered in the context of the municipal borough of Guildford in Surrey. The first is the changing spatial and legal framework and the second the manner in which the drama of local electoral politics unfolded. Article published in The Local Historian vol 34(3), 2004

Local public goods in a democracy: Theory and evidence from

This paper examines allocation of local public goods over jurisdictions (villages) with individuals with identical tastes and different incomes, in a model with democratic institutions and majority rule. The median voter (in income) in each jurisdiction determines the probability of re-election for the incumbent government. The jurisdiction with the median of these median voters is most favoured. With identical median voters in jurisdictions, and with re-election requiring less than 50mandate, jurisdictions with higher income inequality get favoured. Results from a survey data (from NCAER) on infrastructure provision in 1669 Indian villages confirm this hypothesis. Ethnic fragmentation does not affect public good provision but political fragmentation does. Finally, villages with the median population are the most favoured for public goods allocation. Sparsely populated and too densely populated villages are relatively neglected.