Benign rolandic epilepsy: neuropsychological findings (original) (raw)
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Rolandic Epilepsy – A Silent Enemy. An Instructive Case
Cureus, 2021
A child is described who was followed in our clinic due to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and was found to have the following list of diagnoses: mild developmental delay, motor tics, learning disability, selective mutism and autistic-like features. These disorders became manifest and were diagnosed over a period of several years in the above-noted order. He never had seizures. Medical evaluation, which was initiated due to his learning disability, was negative. The last test which was done was EEG, and this revealed a very active picture compatible with Rolandic epilepsy. Eventually, this was the key for the understanding of his whole clinical picture. It is suggested that in children with learning disability, the possibility of having seizure-free Rolandic epilepsy be considered early in the course of evaluation.
A Case Report on Rolandic Epilepsy
Pondicherry Journal of Nursing, 2021
Benign focal epilepsy of childhood is an entity that includes characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations. An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. Here we report a case of Rolandic epilepsy or benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS), which is the most typical epilepsy, and the child presented with typical symptoms of active seizures in the form of uprolling of the eyes and jerky movements of the upper limbs.
Benign rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic correlates
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2000
Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is known for its dissociation from structural alterations. Nevertheless, the number of cases with reported organic lesions has been increasing. This led to the creation of two subgroups, "benign" and "non benign" BRE, and resulted in the need for additional parameters to define electrographic benignity. We assessed the possible associations between interictal electroencephalographic findings and clinical behavior in 60 BRE cases, testing four parameters of electrographic benignity (paroxysm morphology, horizontal dipole, base rhythms, laterality of rolandic spikes). We also assessed the relationship between neuroimaging findings and electrographic and clinical classifications, and found a statistically significant association (sensitivity=73.5%; specificity=81.8%; positive predictive value=94.8%; negative predictive value=40.9%). Three of the electrographic parameters proposed were associated with clinical classification: paroxysm m...
Epilepsia, 2006
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is an idiopathic focal epilepsy syndrome, the benign characteristics of which are debated; in fact, stable or intermittent specific neuropsychological deficits are frequent and may affect scholastic or adaptive abilities. Cognitive dysfunction may be related to a marked increment of the interictal epileptic discharges in NREM sleep: different degrees of neuropsychological deficits depend on the extent of awake and sleep activity and the predominant discharge localization. The age of onset and duration of atypical sleep EEG patterns may correlate with permanent cognitive impairments. These atypical clinical and EEG evolutions have been reported in the literature as different syndromes that constitute the spectrum of idiopathic rolandic epilepsy. Moreover, a clinical link between BCECTS and early-onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy has been demonstrated. According to the neurobiological approach, the spectrum of Idiopathic Rolandic Epilepsy is based on an age-dependent, idiopathic predisposition to focal seizures and sharp-wave discharges, as an expression of nonlesional cortical excitability. The involvement of a given area of the cerebral cortex may depend on the brain maturational stage.
Rolandic Epilepsy: Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
Epilepsy - Update on Classification, Etiologies, Instrumental Diagnosis and Treatment, 2021
Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, had been previously considered as benign childhood epilepsy. According to the new classification proposed by Sheffer I. and colleagues the term “benign” has been changed to “self-limited”. Many studies reported that BECTS may cause transient or long lasting cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Rolandic epilepsy is the most frequent among the childhood focal epilepsy and may account for about 15–25% of all epileptic syndromes diagnosed between the ages of 5 to 15 years. The incidence range changes between 7.1–21 per 100000 in population younger than 15 years with male predominance. The age of onset in 90% of cases between 1 and 10 years with peak around 6–7 years. Seizures mainly occur during a night sleep, whereas the probability of awake seizures are less than 10%. The characteristic clinical features are: (1) focal motor seizure with unilateral orofacial tonic or clonic contractions; (2) speech arrest; (3) hypersalivation; (4) senso...
Neuropsychological impairment in children with Rolandic epilepsy and in their siblings
Epilepsy & Behavior, 2013
To assess and characterize a possible neurocognitive endophenotype associated with Rolandic epilepsy (RE), a clinical study was carried out to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of children with RE at onset and of their healthy siblings. Seventeen subjects were recruited (10 boys and 7 girls): nine patients affected by RE and eight siblings who underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. All patients and only two siblings showed centrotemporal spikes on the electroencephalographic recording. Eighteen age-and sex-matched healthy children were assessed as controls. A significant impairment was found in language domain, attentional functioning, and short-and long-term verbal memory in both patients and siblings. A positive correlation between verbal comprehension and working memory scores was found in both groups. A similar neuropsychological profile of RE, which affected patients and their siblings with impairment in the same developing areas, supports the hypothesis of a specific neurocognitive phenotype in RE.
Benign Epilepsy of Childhood With Rolandic Spikes: Typical and Atypical Variants
Pediatric Neurology, 2007
Clinical course and outcome were compared for 126 children with typical and atypical features of benign epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes (BECRS). A retrospective case series design was used, in the setting of a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. The subjects were subdivided into two groups, based on clinical presentation. Group A comprised children with typical features of BECRS (n ؍ 66; 52%) and Group B, those with atypical features (n ؍ 60; 48%). Patients' charts were reviewed for demographic data, family history, comorbid conditions, atypical clinical features, antiepileptic drugs, and outcome data. Comorbid disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral problems) were slightly more frequent in the atypical group. Overall, there was no difference between the time to become seizure free between the groups: by two years, 41 of 66 in Group A (62%) and 44 of 60 in Group B (71%) were controlled on medication and seizure free. Twenty of the 126 children (16%) required trial of a second anti-epileptic drug: 7 in Group A and 13 in Group B. Resolution of the epilepsy occurred in about the same length of time in both groups (but at different ages, consistent with different age of onset). Both groups had similar longterm outcome.
Academic performance in children with rolandic epilepsy
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2008
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of reading, writing, and calculation disabilities in children with typical rolandic epilepsy (RE) and healthy control children. We also aimed to define the possible electroclinical markers of specific cognitive dysfunctions in RE. School abilities were evaluated and compared in 20 children (eight males, 12 females; mean age 10y 3mo [SD 1y 7mo]; range 7y 9mo-12y 9mo) consecutively diagnosed with typical RE, and a group of 21 healthy controls (nine males, 12 females; mean age 10y 4mo [SD 1y 8mo]; range 7y 6mo-13y 3mo). All the children received standardized neuropsychological tests. For each patient an exhaustive seizure diary was kept and all the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were reviewed. Specific difficulties with reading, writing, and calculation (diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) were found in nine out of 20 children with RE and two out of 21 healthy controls (χ 2 =0.01). The specific learning disabilities in the RE group were correlated with a marked increase in epileptiform discharges during sleep (χ 2 =0.02) and an early onset of epilepsy (χ 2 =0.02). Our findings suggest that seizure onset before age 8 years and epileptiform discharges (more than 50% of the sleep EEG recording) in several tracings over more than a year are relevant markers for identifying patients at risk of developing academic difficulties.
Benign rolandic epilepsy and generalized paroxysms: A study of 13 patients
Seizure, 2018
To present a retrospective study of 13 children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), also known as benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), associated with generalized spikes and waves as the only EEG manifestation at onset. Charts of children with typical clinical criteria of BRE electroclinically followed-up between February 2000 and February 2015 were reviewed. Among 309 patients who met the electroclinical criteria of BRE, we identified 13 children who presented with the typical clinical manifestations but who, on the EEG, only had generalized paroxysms at onset that continued along the course of the syndrome. Generalized spike-and-wave discharges were observed in all patients when awake and during sleep (100%). During the evolution no particular electroclinical pattern was observed. The patients responded well to antiepileptic drugs, such as valproic acid and levetiracetam. Outcome was good in all patients. We found evidence that patients with BRE may have generalize...