Natural antiemetics: an overview (original) (raw)
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Anti-emetic effects of bioactive natural products
2013
Emesis, also known as nausea and vomiting, are common symptoms associated with ingestion of toxicants, drug side effects, advanced terminal diseases such as cancer and postoperative procedures. Emesis is mediated through the coordinated action of central and peripheral regulatory centres that involve receptors including dopamine Type 2, serotonin, muscarinic cholinergic, histamine, cannabinoids and NK-1 receptors. Many anti-emetic drugs targeting these receptors are currently in use but they also cause undesirable side effects such as excessive sedation, hypotension,dry mouth, dysphoria, hallucinations and extrapyramidal signs. This review highlights the pharmacological mechanism of emesis and current antiemtic drugs together with detailed analysis of in vitro and in vivo anti-emetic bioassay models. The pharmacology of crude natural products extracts and purified anti-emeticcompounds (cannabinoids, chalcones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, saponins, terpenes and glycosidic derivatives) are also systematically presented with their mechanism of action. The potential of natural products as sources of new clinically proven anti-emetic drugs are discussed.
Emesis defined as a forceful expulsion of stomach contents via mouth. The adverse effects of available anti-emetic drugs potentates us to evaluate natural products to explore effective natural anti-emetics with fewer side effects. The fruits of Illicium verum Hook. f. were selected for anti-emetic activity on the basis of their folkloric use against gastrointestinal complaints. Crude methanolic extract and its aqueous, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and hexane fractions were evaluated by copper sulphate induced chick emesis model. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate 10 ml/kg body weight and metoclopramide (150 mg/kg p.o.) as standard anti-emetic drug. The anti-emetic effect was observed by calculating the mean decrease in number of retches in contrast with that of control. Methanolic extract and its fractions were tested at the doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kgorally. Among all tested fractions, ethylacetate showed the highest (94.46%) and hexane showed the lowest (56.30%) anti-emetic activity at 50 mg/kg.Further, isolation and purification from the same fractions is in process to discover effective natural anti-emetic compound(s) with less unwanted effects.
Antipyretic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Embelia Ribes
2014
Pyrexia is indicatives of various disorders. Modern medicines are available for treatment of pyrexia, but they have few side effects. Several studies are ongoing Worldwide to search natural antipyretic agents with better efficacy and fewer or no side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic activity of Embelia ribes in rats against Brewer’s Yeast-Induced pyrexia. Rectal temperature was recorded with digital thermometer at 0 h and Brewer’s Yeast was injected. After 1 h again rectal temperature of the animals was recorded and hydro-alcoholic extract were administered to the treatment groups and aspirin 150 mg/kg orally to the positive control group. Then rectal temperature was recorded at the interval of one h for 4 h. Embelia Ribes has marked antipyretic activity in animal models and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses of Embelia Ribes as an antipyretic plant
Antiemetic Effect of Fruit Extracts of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. in Chick Emesis Model
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Background: Vomiting and nausea are common symptoms associated with many diseased conditions. They also occur as side effects due to intake of certain medications. Natural remedies are nowadays being considered as a better alternate compared to allopathic medicine. Aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic effect of hexane and ethanolic extracts of Trapa bispinosa Roxb fruit. Methodology: The study was conducted on young chicks aged 6-7 days using Copper sulfate (50 mg/kg) for the induction of emesis using oral route. Antiemetic effect was determined by observing the reduction in the number of retches in different groups of chicks. Metoclopramide and Chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg) were used as standard antiemetic agents. Chicks were treated with both extracts (ethanolic and hexane) at the dose of 150 mg/kg. Results: Hexane extract was found to be most effective when compared with all the groups. The results showed that T.bispinos Roxb. hexane extract was able to eff...