Environmetric Techniques Application in Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study in Linggi River Basin (original) (raw)
In this research, determination of water quality status for Linggi River was carried out by using non-parametric Mann-Kendall analysis. HACA and PCA has been used to classify the river to obtain the clearest picture of the water quality status. The dataset includes six parameters for six monitoring stations (1997 to 2012). Mann-Kendall trend analysis shows significant improvement trend for all parameters studied except for BOD (WQ1 (P<0.1) and WQ6 (P<0.05)) and SS (WQ4 to WQ6 (P<0.05)). This indicates that even though the WQI getting good, a few parameters such as BOD and SS need to be watched and improved by the local authority to make sure the WQI continuously getting better in the future. HACA grouped the six monitoring stations into three different clusters based on their similarities namely less pollution site (LPS), medium pollution site (MPS) and high pollution site (HPS). HACA grouped one station (WQ1) into LPS, two stations into MPS (WQ2 and WQ3) and three stations into HPS (WQ4, WQ5 and WQ6). PCA was used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable based on the clustered region. Three principal components (PCs) were obtained with 75.3% total variation for HPS, 73.4% for MPS and 68.1% for LPS. The major pollution source for HPS are of anthropogenic source (municipal waste, domestic wastes) while for MPS the major source of pollution was from non point source pollution such as animal husbandry and livestock farms. For the LPS, major sources come from the sea tide effect (natural effect). The identification and classification of different region by this study will help the local authorities make better and more informed decisions about the improvement water quality program for the future.
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