Effects of Diabetes and Hypertension on Placenta (original) (raw)
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Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Gross Morphological Structure of Preterm Placenta
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, 2010
Context: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. For the last few decades, it has become an important issue in public health policies of developing countries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the high-risk factors for the preterm birth and altered fetal development. This pregnancy induced disorder leads to an increased level of all metabolic substances to the fetal circulation due to development of maternal insulin resistance. It imposes a heavy burden on the mother who is pregnant and these patients have a tendency toward metabolic instability. As there is an intimate relationship between the fetus and placenta, the present study aimed to observe the effect of this pregnancy induced disorder to the preterm placenta. Study design: The study was observational, analytical and cross sectional. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, BSMMU, Dhaka during the study period of January 2005 to December 200...
VERMA, R.; MISHRA, S. & KAUL, J. M. Cellular changes in the placenta in pregnancies complicated with diabetes. Int. J. Morphol., 28(1):259-264, 2010. SUMMARY: Placenta is the most accurate record of the infant prenatal experience. After delivery if the placenta is examined minutely, it provides much insight into the prenatal health of the baby and the mother. In diabetic pregnancy, placental weight is higher in comparison to normal pregnancy. To study the cellular differences that might contribute to larger size of placenta, light microscopic analysis was performed on 25 full term placentas, out of which 20 were of Gestational diabetes mellitus (12 controlled on diet, 8 controlled on insulin) and 5 control group. Tissue sections were processed and analyzed. Birth weight of neonate, placental weight, vascular pattern of chorionic blood vessels and site of attachment of umbilical cord were recorded. In the placenta of diabetic pregnants, gross abnormalities were uncommon but microscopic examination exhibited, to a varying degree, lesions like syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, villous edema, villous fibrosis and capillary proliferation. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities which must be due to some other constituent factor of diabetic state.
A morphology and histological study of placenta in normal and diabetic pregnancies
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2018
Background: The placenta is a vital organ for developing foetus, and it is also the most accessible organ of human body, pregnancy in a diabetogenic state by virtue of various physiological changes which cause insulin resistance. In normal pregnancy, glucose tolerance decreases by third trimester, though plasma levels of insulin increase. Aim was to study comparison of placenta of normal pregnancy with placenta of diabetic pregnancy and it the possible outcome of pregnancy.Methods: The present study was case-control and conducted on cases of 50 Specimens of placenta with intact umbilical cord were collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.Results: Variation in the shape and weight of the placenta were observed. The mean placenta weight in control group was found to be 452.80 grams with standard deviation 140.93 grams while in the case group; it was 406.00 grams with standard deviation of 210.31 grams. The random blood sugar of mother in control group was significant...
Cellular Changes in the Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated with Diabetes
International Journal of Morphology, 2010
Placenta is the most accurate record of the infant prenatal experience. After delivery if the placenta is examined minutely, it provides much insight into the prenatal health of the baby and the mother. In diabetic pregnancy, placental weight is higher in comparison to normal pregnancy. To study the cellular differences that might contribute to larger size of placenta, light microscopic analysis was performed on 25 full term placentas, out of which 20 were of Gestational diabetes mellitus (12 controlled on diet, 8 controlled on insulin) and 5 control group. Tissue sections were processed and analyzed. Birth weight of neonate, placental weight, vascular pattern of chorionic blood vessels and site of attachment of umbilical cord were recorded. In the placenta of diabetic pregnants, gross abnormalities were uncommon but microscopic examination exhibited, to a varying degree, lesions like syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, villous edema, villous fibrosis and capillary proliferation. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities which must be due to some other constituent factor of diabetic state.
Histological Changes of the Human Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated with Diabetes
Journal of Cytology & Histology, 2015
Normal fetal growth and survival depends on proper development and function of the placenta. The diabetic pregnancy is characterized by numerous disturbances in fetal growth and development. This study was done to focus on the effects of gestational diabetes on the histology of the placenta to confirm the magnitude of damage caused by diabetes to human placenta. Twenty Placentas of full term pregnancy were collected from Alzawia hospital, Libya. We used histological, histochemical and CD34 imuno-histochemical stains in this study. In diabetic pregnancy, placental weight is higher in comparison to normal pregnancy. Chorionic villi showed increased number of fetal capillaries, stromal villous fibrosis, villous edema, thickness of basement membrane of syncytiotrophoblast, glycogen deposits and strong positive reaction for CD34 in the wall of blood vessels in stem villus.
Quantitative Analysis of Gross Morphology of Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Patients
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Placenta is an important organ and the growth and development of fetus is dependent on it. The different pregnancy complications as antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, coagulopathy etc. in mothers and IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation), prematurity etc. in foetus are reflected in the placenta & are associated with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) . They form the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality & morbidity. Objectives: Quantitative analysis of the changes in gross morphology of placenta in normal and hypertensive pregnancies. To study the resultant effect on the foetal outcome. Material & Methods: We had taken 100 placentas of normal & hypertensive group patients each for study .We collected them from the labour room & operation theatre of Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of our medical college. Gross morphological features of placentas like size, weight, no. of cotyledons , areas of infarction, retroplacental clot, calcification and inse...
Histologic and morphometric study of human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2014
AIMS The aim was to study morphometry, site of umbilical cord insertion and histological changes in placentae of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and compare the results with those of normal pregnancies and observe the perinatal outcome. METHODS It was an observational, correlational study of 130 placenta specimens collected from labour room and operation theatre of Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata. The subjects were mothers who attended antenatal clinic of the hospital regularly and delivered their babies in the same hospital. Cases were selected randomly, and divided in two groups: group A consisted of mothers having normal, uncomplicated pregnancy, group B consisted of mothers whose pregnancies were complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Morphometry, site of umbilical cord insertion and histological changes in placentae of all women were recorded. Perinatal outcome of the cases were also regi...
Stereology of the placenta in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Placenta, 2011
Objective: To assess by stereology the placental structure in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetic pregnancies compared to normal non-diabetic (ND) controls. Study design: Prospective case control study. Placentae were sampled in a systematic random fashion. Stereological analysis was performed using a computerised stereology programme (Image Pro 6.2, Media Cybernetics, Inc, Silver Spring MD, USA). Participants were matched for gender of infant and mode of delivery. Main outcome measures: Volume, length and surface area of placental components; clinical outcome. Results: Ten ND, eight T2DM and ten T1DM women consented to the study. There was no difference between the groups regarding maternal age, neonatal birth weight, or placental weight. On stereological examination, terminal villous volume was significantly increased in both diabetic groups compared to ND controls. Capillary volume and length was increased in T1DM pregnancies compared to ND and T2DM. Capillary length was increased in both diabetic groups compared to ND. When all diabetic groups were compared based on severity of glycaemia those with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c>7%) had higher placental capillary volume than those with good glycaemic control. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an association between maternal diabetes and increased terminal villous volume. Additionally capillary volume and length is increased in the placentae of normally grown infants of T1DM diabetic mothers compared to non-diabetic controls. Maternal glycaemia appears to influence capillary, but not stromal, development. This suggests that factors other than glycaemia have a role in placental development in pre-gestational diabetes.
Study of structural changes in placenta in pregnancy-induced hypertension
Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine, 2014
Background: Hypertension is one of the most common complication during pregnancy. It contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate the morphological and histopathological changes in placenta from pregnancies complicated with hypertension. Objectives: To study the morbid changes in placenta in cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and to correlate the findings with birth weight of new born babies in comparison with normotensive mothers. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 100 placentas, out of which 50 were collected from normotensive mothers and the remaining 50 from PIH cases. All the placentas were studied morphologically and histologically. The birth weight of neonates was recorded. Results: In the present study it was observed that weight and dimensions of placenta was less in study group when compared with control group. The mean neonatal birth weight was more in normal pregnancy and feto-placental weight ratio was significantly high in hypertensive group. Histopathological study showed significant number of syncitial knots, areas of fibrinoid necrosis, hyalinization, calcification, and medial coat proliferation of medium sized blood vessels in hypertensive group. Conclusion: PIH significantly affects the placenta by reducing its weight and dimensions. These changes may cause placental insufficiency as a result of compromised utero-placental blood flow. Therefore has an adverse affect on the neonatal birth weight. PIH has definite influence on morphology, histology of placenta, and thus affects the growth of the fetus.