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Turkiye-Romania Joint Military History Symposium Proceedings 8-9 May 2023, 2023
The article focuses on a particular aspectthe military obligations of the relations between the Ottoman Empire and two of its tributary states, Wallachia and Moldavia. Starting with the first decades of the 15 th century (Wallachia) and, respectively, the second half of the 15 th century (Moldavia) both principalities were expected to join the Ottoman troops during their expedition in Central-Eastern Europe. However, there were situations when Wallachia and Moldavia have circumvented their obligation invoking several arguments for the impossibility of fulfilling the received orders. It was the case with the military campaign led by Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent against Belgrade (1521) when both Neagoe Basarab of Wallachia and Stephen the Younger of Moldavia were requested to join the Ottoman troops with their armies and both failed to execute the orders. Despite the specificity of the context for each of the aforementioned realms, the arguments and the diplomatic strategy used by the princes shared many common points. Neagoe and Stephen claimed that if they had joined the Ottoman troops their countries would have been exposed to attack from their neighbours (the Szeklersin case of Wallachia; the Tatars or the Polesin case of Moldavia). The princes also used the mediation of a trusted Ottoman dignitary to support their claims and to convince the sultan that they would remain loyal to the Porte despite their lack of participation in the war against Hungary. Eventually, it seems that the sultan accepted the fact; it was however an exceptional situation that would not be repeated during the 16 th and 17 th centuries.
Eastern European History Review, 2022
EASTERN EUROPEAN HISTORY REVIEW: LA RIVISTA Il Comitato redazionale e scienti co è lieto di presentare al pubblico la rivista scienti ca Eastern European History Review. Con un carattere internazionale e interdisciplinare, una cadenza annuale e una fruibilità open access la rivista focalizza i propri interessi sulle dinamiche occorse nell'Europa Orientale durante tutta l'età moderna (XIV-XIX). Eastern European History Review è espressione del Centro Studi dell'Università della Tuscia CESPoM (Centro Studi sull'età dei Sobieski e della Polonia Moderna) nato nel per intuizione del Prof. Gaetano Platania, Direttore Emerito della Rivista. L'iniziativa editoriale che presentiamo nasce dall'evidente mancanza in Italia di una rivista scienti ca relativa alla storia dell'Europa centro-orientale in Età Moderna, nonostante la penisola abbia giocato un ruolo fondamentale per la Storia e la Cultura di una parte integrante del continente, a torto considerata come lontana e periferica. Consapevoli di questo, il Comitato ha posto quale obiettivo primario della Eastern European History Review quello di off rire uno spazio di ri essione e di discussione su temi che appartengono alla storia dell'Europa centro-orientale, e insieme alle relazioni-politiche e culturali-che questa vasta area del Vecchio Continente ha avuto con l'occidente d'Europa, e l'Italia in particolare, incoraggiando il dialogo tra studiosi e esperti di settore, e tra diff erenti approcci della ricerca scienti ca. Il Comitato Redazionale e Scienti co EASTERN EUROPEAN HISTORY REVIEW: THE JOURNAL e Editorial and Scienti c Board are proud delighted to present the Eastern European History Review under the aegis of Sette Città Editore. e Eastern European History Review is an international and interdisciplinary annually online and open access peer-reviewed journal about studies on Ceantral and Eastern Europe in the Modern Age (XIV-XIX). e Journal is also the expression of the Study Center CESPoM (Centro Studi sull'età dei Sobieski e della Polonia Moderna-Center Study on the Age of Sobieski and Modern Poland) of the University of Tuscia, born in , from an idea of Prof. Gaetano Platania, today Director Emeritus of this journal. It publishes articles with signi cant approaches and original interpretations in all research elds concerning Central and Eastern Europe, with speci c attention to the History sciences. e editorial initiative we present comes from the obvious lack of a journal, in Italy, concerning the history of Central and Eastern Europe during the Modern Age, this despite its fundamental role in the history and culture of that part of the continent, wrongly considered distant and peripheral. Quite the contrary is true, in fact. Main objective of the journal is to create a space for re ection and discussion on topics pertaining to Central and Eastern Europe, but also relations with Continental Europe, encouraging dialogue between scholars and experts in the eld, and between diff erent approaches of scienti c research.
Prace Historyczne, 2021
The aim of this article is to analyse the relations of the three Ottoman vassal provinces (Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia) during the last years of the Long Turkish War (1591/93–1606). The provinces rebelled against the Ottomans at the beginning of the war. Then influenced by the policies of their dynasties or due to the military occupation of the neighbouring great powers such as the Habsburg monarchy, Poland and the Ottoman Empire, they changed the sides of the conflict. The Movilăs (or Movilă family) tried to govern two Romanian voivodships, Moldavia and Wallachia simultaneously. They had a good relation with the Ottomans and they supported rule of István Bocskai (r. 1604–1606), who rebelled against the Habsburgs in 1604 and was elected as the Prince of Transylvania and Hungary by the Hungarian rebels. The voivode of Wallachia, Radu Şerban (r. 1601, 1602–1610, 1611), who secretly allied himself with the Habsburgs, while simultaneously being recognised by the Ottoman side al...
N SINGUR POPOR CU DOUĂ DRAPELE": THE ROMANIAN-POLISH RELATIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD
This article, chiefly based on the archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, tells the story of Romanian-Polish relations between the years 1919 and 1939. Driven by the fear of Soviet Russia, the two countries backed each other and tried to build up a cordon sanitaire which would protect Europe against 'contamination' from the East. During the 1920s things went more or less wellthough Poland obstinately refused to participate in the Petite Entente system. In the 1930s, nonetheless, the change of the constellation of Powers in Europe, due to the rise of Germany and the inward-looking nature of Stalin's U.S.S.R., had as a result the two countries interpreting their interests differently and gradually choosing to ally themselves with opposite camps. The outcome of that change led to Poland being conquered by the Germans and Romania fighting alongside the Axis Powers. Rezumat: Acest articol, care se bazează în principal pe Arhivele Ministerului Afacerilor Externe al Greciei, narează povestea relaţiilor româno-poloneze între anii 1919 şi 1939. Mânate de teama de Rusia Sovietică, cele două state s-au susţinut unul pe celălalt şi au încercat să constituie un cordon sanitaire care ar fi protejat Europa împotriva "contaminării" dinspre Răsărit. În anii 1920 lucrurile au stat mai mult sau mai puţin bine, deşi Polonia a refuzat cu încăpăţânare să participe la sistemul Micii Înţelegeri. În anii 1920, însă, schimbarea survenită în constelaţia de putere din Europa prin ridicarea Germaniei şi natura introspectivă a politicilor U.R.S.S.ului lui Stalin a avut ca rezultat interpretarea diferită de către cele două state a intereselor lor şi iniţierea de demersuri treptate de alianţă cu tabere opuse. " U Un singur popor cu două drapele: The Romanian-Polish relations during the interwar period 248 Rezultatul acestei schimbări a condus la situaţia în care Polonia a fost cucerită de germani şi România a luptat de aceeaşi parte cu Puterile Axei.
The Military Approach to Romanian Ottoman Diplomatic Relations 1878-1916
TÜRKİYE-ROMANIA JOINT MILITARY HISTORY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 8-9 MAY 2023 İSTANBUL, 2023
Romania and the Ottoman Empire established official diplomatic relations after the international recognition of Romania’s independence. Once the minister’s plenipotentiary were sent to both capital cities, negotiations for different treaties and conventions were opened. They focused on the situation of the Ottoman prisoners in Romania after the end of the Russian-Ottoman War, on commercial relations and consular agreement. The main interest of Romania out of these three directions was provided by the new possibility to open toward the Ottoman market and negotiations and conclusions over the decades demonstrate once again in which direction the Romanian interest was targeted. On the other side, the Ottoman state was looking for a strategic partner in the region, understanding Romania’s interest to position itself as an important player in the decision-making map in the Balkans. The paper will focus on the military aspects, which shaped this relationship, from the interest of the Ottoman Empire to have a permanent military representative in the country through military attachés in Bucharest, to its effort to determine the conclusion of a military convention with the newly independent state, in a comparative perspective to the Romanian investment in this direction.
POLAND, HUNGARY, AND THE TURKISH MENACE in the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century
When king Ladislaus III took the Hungarian throne, Poland inherited the problem of the Turkish expansion in the Balkans. The young king was eager to undertake a new crusade against the Turks. Did it stand a chance? Was it still possible to dislodge the Turks from the Balkans, and drive them back to Asia Minor? Was it at least possible to check the expansion and development of the Ottoman state in the Balkans? The answer to these questions is not easy. Certainly, on the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottoman state was not yet an established power. It was an empire in making. Although the Turks had already become a permanent ethnic element in the Balkans, their political and military expansion could be stopped. Looking at the problem from the military point of view, it must be noted that the Turks could be defeated.