Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on superoxide dismutase levels in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients: a clinical and spectophotometric analysis (original) (raw)
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Proceedings of the 11th International Dentistry Scientific Meeting (IDSM 2017), 2018
Periodontal disease can be divided into gingivitis and periodontitis. In oral tissue, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the first defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Activated PMNs produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the destruction of periodontal tissue via various mechanisms and oxidative stress. Hosts are able to release antioxidants to eliminate ROS; one of the most effective antioxidants is superoxide dismutase (SOD). Previous studies have suggested that antioxidant levels, including SOD, are higher for periodontitis than for gingivitis or healthy people. In contrast, previous research has also found that levels of antioxidants, including SOD, were higher in healthy people followed by gingivitis and then periodontitis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in salivary SOD levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. There were 44 subjects: 22 with gingivitis and 22 with periodontitis recruited from the periodontal installation of the Dentistry Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. All subjects' periodontal tissues were examined to determine their periodontal status. Subjects were sampled by collecting 2 ml of saliva and salivary SOD levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. The data was analysed using an independent t-test. Result: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between salivary SOD levels of gingivitis patients (12.44±4.43, p=0.377) and periodontitis patients (9.19±3.74, p=0.228). Salivary SOD levels were higher in patients with gingivitis than for patients with periodontitis.
World Journal of Dentistry, 2013
Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the inflammatory disease of the periodontium; the tissue that surround and support the teeth. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare some biochemical oxidative stress markers in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls and to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these parameters. Materials and methods: Eighty-two chronic periodontitis patients and 120 healthy controls were recruited for the study. The periodontal status was evaluated using gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The biochemical parameters estimated were total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), antioxidant enzymes RBC-superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Creactive protein (CRP) were also evaluated. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing; SRP) was performed on chronic periodontitis patients and a follow-up was done after 3 months. Results: The study suggests that oxidative stress is induced in chronic periodontitis, as the levels of CRP, MDA and RBC-SOD were significantly higher (p < 0.001) and those of TAOC, GPx and vitamin C were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls at baseline. SRP therapy significantly improved the clinical and biochemical oxidative stress markers in periodontitis patients. Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis patients show higher inflammatory manifestations and oxidative stress. SRP therapy helps in lowering inflammatory burden and improving systemic oxidant: Antioxidant imbalance. The SRP therapy may be a useful support in the control and prevention of various inflammatory diseases associated with periodontitis.
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2015
Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors (e.g. impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia) that significantly contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in individuals with MetS and systemically healthy (SH) who were chronic periodontitis (CP). Material and Methods: A total of 50 patients with chronic periodontitis (25 with MetS and 25 SH) were included. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded, and serum and whole-saliva samples were collected from all patients at baseline, and 3 and 6 mo following NSPT. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TRG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analysed. The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were determined using ELISA kits, and total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured. Results: After NSPT, significant and similar improvements of all periodontal parameters were observed in both groups compared with baseline measurements. There were decreases in the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6, whereas increases in serum IL-10 were found in both groups, at all time points. Serum TOS and OSI showed no significant change in either group at any time point. Compared with the SH group, serum TAC levels were higher in the MetS group at baseline but lower at the 3-mo time-point. There was no difference in TAC levels between the groups at 6 mo. Saliva IL-6 was higher in the MetS group than the SH group at all time points. The levels of IL-6 and OSI in saliva decreased following NSPT in both groups, whereas salivary TAC concentrations increased. In the MetS group, TRG and HbA1c levels decreased significantly at 3 mo. Conclusion: NSPT decreased oxidative stress and the inflammatory status of patients with MetS and chronic periodontitis. Although similar periodontal improvements were achieved in both groups, the decreases in levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the MetS group did not reach the levels in the SH group. Based on these results, NSPT could be more effective in the control of systemic inflammation in patients with MetS in the short-term.
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on saliva and serum levels of markers of oxidative stress
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2016
Background: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) known as gold standard treatment in managing periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese. Clinical parameters of periodontitis, changes in serum resistin and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque were compared before and after NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese and with normal weight. Methods: A total of 48 periodontitis subjects (obese, n = 18; normal weight, n = 30) were recruited (hereafter will be referred as participants) to participate into a prospective, before and after clinical trial. Obesity status is defined by body mass index (BMI) criteria (obese: ≥30 kg/ m 2 ; normal weight < 25 kg/m 2). Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded; and serum and plaque were collected at baseline and following 12 weeks post-NSPT. Serum resistin level was analyzed using enzyme-linked immune-sorbant assay (ELISA), while detection of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque were carried out using real time PCR (qPCR). Results: Following NSPT, means VPI and GBI showed significant improvement between obese and normal weight groups (p < 0.05), but no difference in means PPD and CAL was observed between groups. Obesity remained as a predictor for VPI and GBI after adjusting for smoking habit. No significant difference was observed in serum resistin level and mean counts for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia between obese and normal weight groups following NSPT. Conclusions: Regardless of obesity status, NSPT has a significant impact on VPI and GBI in periodontitis subjects. However, the impact of NSPT towards serum resistin and periodontal pathogens was non-significant in those with periodontitis. Trial registration: This study followed the Consolidation Standards of Reporting Trials Statement and retrospectively registered on 26/11/2015 at clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT02618486).
Egyptian dental journal, 2017
The present study aimed to estimate the serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipid profile [including total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)] in chronic periodontitis patients and to detect the association between the aforementioned cardiovascular disease risk markers and the periodontal disease severity and extent. In addition, the study also aimed to detect whether the non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) may affect the levels of these biochemical parameters. Fifty eight subjects completed the study and were subdivided into: group I (31 chronic periodontitis patients), and group II (27 adults with clinically healthy gingivae). Group I received standard NSPT. Periodontal parameters and serum levels of VCAM-1, IL-6, and lipid profile were estimated at baseline and at 6 weeks after NSPT. There were significant differences between study groups regarding serum VCAM-1, IL-6, total cholesterol, LDL (p<0.001), and HDL (P<0.05). In group I, the pre-treatment values of all periodontal parameters and biochemical analytes were significantly higher than post-treatment values. At 6 weeks after therapy, both bleeding index and periodontal diseases extension were positively correlated with serum cholesterol, TGs, and LDL. BI was negatively correlated with HDL. It was concluded from the previous findings that chronic periodontitis has the potential to increase systemic inflammation, vascular endothelial biomarkers, and serum lipid profile of affected individuals. Hence, NSPT may reduce the risk of CVS diseases by reducing the systemic inflammation.
Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Periodontal Disease
Mediators of Inflammation, 2007
Objective. To evaluate the involvement of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in gingival tissue in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Subject and methods. Eighteen subjects were divided in two groups: experimental (age 52.9 ± 5.0) and control (age 51.1 ± 9.6). The activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, nonenzymatic antioxidants: total glutathione and reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were evaluated in gingival tissues from interproximal sites. Statistical differences between groups were determined by independent Student t test and P < .05. Results. Individuals with periodontal disease exhibited a significant increase in the activities of MPO, GPx, GST, and also in TBARS and GSSG levels in gingival tissue compared to the control group (P < .05). Conclusion. The results of the present work showed an important correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and periodontal disease.
2019
Background. In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Methods. Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of-80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer. Results. The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001). Conclusion. The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.