Detection of Digital Image Forgeries By Color Classification Based On Illumination (original) (raw)

IRJET- A Systematic Observation in Digital image Forgery Detection using MATLAB

IRJET, 2020

In latest days, photos were used as evidence in courts. Photographers are capable of create composites of analog pictures, this manner could be very time consuming and calls for professional know-how. Now a days, effective digital photograph editing software program makes photo changes honest. This undermines our believe in pictures. In this project, one of the most common sorts of photographic manipulation, known as photo composition or splicing is analysed .A forgery detection method that exploits subtle inconsistencies within the shade of the illumination of pix. The proposed approach is gadget-gaining knowledge of based totally and requires minimal consumer interaction. The method is relevant to photographs containing or greater people and requires no expert interaction for the tampering choice. Right here, the existing paintings may be prolonged by using the use of advanced face detection method the use of skin tone records and edges. A lighting insensitive face detection method based upon the edge and skin tone information of the input coloration image is proposed. From these illuminant estimates, we extract texture-and facet-based features which are then supplied to a system-studying technique for computerized choice-making.

Identifying Photo Forgery using Lighting Elements

Nowadays digital media manipulation has become a common trend. Digital media, especially images, being one of the primary modes of communication, can be easily manipulated. Current research trends in digital image forensics focus on validating the authenticity of the image. Objectives: Objective of the present study is to authenticate objects in an image using light sources and their properties. Method: By locating the direction of the light source, forgery in the images can be easily detected. Inconsistencies between different light sources in the image highlight image tampering. This paper focuses on detection of image forgery using lighting inconsistencies. The proposed technique measures the lighting properties from different objects or surfaces present in the image. Finding: The model for digital forensics identifies the lighting discrepancies in the objects of an image and provides results indicating difference between real and fake images. Improvement: The proposed technique is an objective based method and identifies digital image forgery based on physics of the environment. Results are promising and reproducible making the technique an important tool for image forgery detection.

Review of Digital Image Forgery Detection

Forgery in digital images can be done by manipulating the digital image to conceal some meaningful or useful information of the image. It can be much difficult to identify the edited region from the original image in various cases. In order to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the image, the detection of forgery in the image is necessary. Adaption of modern lifestyle and advanced photography equipment has made tempering of digital image easy with the help of image editing soft wares. It is thus important to detect such image tempering operations. Different methods exist in literature that divide the suspicious image into overlapped blocks and extract some features from the images to detect the type of forgery that exist in the image. The image forgery detection can be done based on object removal, object addition, unusual color modifications in the image. Many existing techniques are available to overcome this problem but most of these techniques have many limitations. Images are one of the powerful media for communication. In this paper a survey of different types of forgery and digital image forgery detection has been focused.

Image forensics using color illumination, block and key point based approach

Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2018

Every individual is keen to exhibit socialism and connectedness posting their personal photos and videos on several social websites. Thus, it has become literally easy for the onlookers to see and modify their photos and videos. Here the concept enumerates in picture as image forensics, whereby it is possible to examine the authenticity and genuineness of photograph and video into consideration. In addition to this, nowadays photograph and videos are considered as a firm and valid proof in the court room for investigation, validation and judgement. Several experts are continuously working in an image forensic field to discover and develop better techniques for the detection of forgeries in image and videos. Detection of image forgeries is done in two ways. Firstly the forged image we are already familiar with is called active forgery detection technique and secondly, where we don't know the forgery, then is referred to as the passive forgery detection technique. Passive technique is incorporated to detect forgery in this paper where hybridization is used. We have used DWT, color illumination Algorithm, SLIC Algorithm; SIFT Algorithm, Correlation Coefficient Map generation Algorithm, Block Matching Threshold Algorithm and Feature Extraction Algorithm for the detection and ramifying forgeries. The novelty of the proposed hybrid technique is the use of color illumination which detect image edges and trace them correctly to detect forged region. We have tested 48 images from database and find out image forgery detection at image level with Precision = 97. 25%; Recall = 100% and F1 = 98. 53%.

A Literature study on Image forgery

In early 90's era, it was almost impossible to manipulate digital media, but now with the advancement in the technologies it is not a tough task. The growing demand of digital photography has explored new work in the field of image forensic. Reasons to use the digital image are many; like digital camera that produce immediate images, along with the flexibility to the person for deciding to select the appropriate one without waiting for the development of the film. Also digital images can be stored easily. While considering the originality of the digital image, it is quite difficult for the researcher to decide the authenticity of the image. Due to easy manipulation on digital image along with challenges to detect the original one, a new field of image forensic has attracted many researchers. In this paper, we are exploring different techniques to detect the authenticity of an image.

Efficient Forgery Detection Approaches for Digital Color Images

Computers, Materials & Continua

This paper is concerned with a vital topic in image processing: color image forgery detection. The development of computing capabilities has led to a breakthrough in hacking and forgery attacks on signal, image, and data communicated over networks. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing efficient image forgery detection algorithms. Two main types of forgery are considered in this paper: splicing and copy-move. Splicing is performed by inserting a part of an image into another image. On the other hand, copy-move forgery is performed by copying a part of the image into another position in the same image. The proposed approach for splicing detection is based on the assumption that illumination between the original and tampered images is different. To detect the difference between the original and tampered images, the homomorphic transform separates the illumination component from the reflectance component. The illumination histogram derivative is used for detecting the difference in illumination, and hence forgery detection is accomplished. Prior to performing the forgery detection process, some pre-processing techniques, including histogram equalization, histogram matching, high-pass filtering, homomorphic enhancement, and single image super-resolution, are introduced to reinforce the details and changes between the original and embedded sections. The proposed approach for copy-move forgery detection is performed with the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm, which extracts feature points and feature vectors. Searching for the copied partition is accomplished through matching with Euclidian distance and hierarchical clustering. In addition, some preprocessing methods are used with the SURF algorithm, such as histogram equalization and single-mage super-resolution. Simulation results proved the feasibility and the robustness of the pre-processing step in homomorphic detection and SURF detection algorithms for splicing and copy-move forgery detection, respectively.

A Proposed Work on Image Forgery Detection Technique

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2017

Digital imaging has grown to become the prevalant technology for creating, processing, and storing digital memory and proof. Though this technology brings many leverage, it can be used as a ambiguous tool for covering details and evidences. This is because today digital images can be tampered in such supermacy that forgery cannot be find visually. In fact, the immunity concern of digital content has arisen a long time ago and different methods to verify the efficiency of digital images have been developed. Digital images offer many features for forgery detection algorithm to take precedence of specifically the colour and brightness of individual pixels as well as an image's resolution and format. These properties grant for analysis and similarity between the significance of digital forgeries in an attempt to develop an algorithm for detecting image tampering. This paper presents a technique for copy move image forgery detection using 2-Directional 2-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D)²PCA.

A Method For Detect Forgery from Images

Due to the availability of many image editing and processing tools, it is possible to easily change the information represented by a digital paintings without leaving any obvious traces of tampering, which led to the problem of verification image. These issues of multimedia security have led to the development of several approaches to tampering detection. Digital image forensic is a branch that deals with the identity and authenticity of the images. The proposed system is the Verification system for paintings. Where the Verification system used non-blind passive image forensic, and that it has been achieved by using fuzzy gradient based image reconstruction, which is able to detect all types of forgery (Splicing, Image Retouching, Geometrical Transformation, Copy Move Attack, other type) and also able to compute forgery ratio as percentage. This methodology has its application in a context where the source image is available. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively locate the tampered area in multi block size 4X4 of any type, and using fuzzy process is obtained a good result to reduce time consuming for solving image reconstruction and also enhancement reconstruction image .

A Study on Image Forgery Detection

International Journal For Research In Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2020

'Image Forgery' is extremely pervasive in this universe of picture altering devices, for example, photoshop. As the picture is utilized for the verification processes, this is an extreme issue. Identification of a produced picture from the first one is an incredibly extreme assignment. The unaided eye can only with significant effort distinguish the altered territory from the actual Picture. Since it is indispensable to build up a technique that can differentiate the altered picture from the actual one. "Copy-Move Forgery" is a notable class of picture forgery, in which a specific piece of the picture is replicated and afterward stuck in a similar picture to conceal some significant info. "Copy-Move Forgery's" aim either making an object "imperceptible" or makes an additional picture of an item in a predefined area. This has immense application in the field of Information Security where the protection of information is of most extreme significance. This paper helps us to explore the forged region from the actual image using various techniques, which are discussed below.

Comparision and analysis of photo image forgery detection techniques

2013

Digital Photo images are everywhere, on the covers of magazines, in newspapers, in courtrooms, and all over the Internet. We are exposed to them throughout the day and most of the time. Ease with which images can be manipulated; we need to be aware that seeing does not always imply believing. We propose methodologies to identify such unbelievable photo images and succeeded to identify forged region by given only the forged image. Formats are additive tag for every file system and contents are relatively expressed with extension based on most popular digital camera uses JPEG and Other image formats like png, bmp etc. We have designed algorithm running behind with the concept of abnormal anomalies and identify the forgery regions.