Study of cases of head injury in a government hospital in rural Indian setting (original) (raw)
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A STUDY OF HEAD INJURY PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF TRIPURA, INDIA.
Background: India has the rather unenviable distinction of having the highest rate of head injury in the world. In India, more than 100,000 lives are lost every year with over 1 million suffering from serious head injuries. In India, 1 out of 6 trauma victims die, while in the United States this figure is 1 out of 200. This seemingly unbreachable gap speaks volumes of the perfected trauma management procedures in US and their near absence in India. The global incidence rate of traumatic head injury is estimated at 200 per 100 000 people per year; however, this rate is uncertain and a likely underestimate. Traumatic brain injury according to the World Health Organization, will surpass many diseases as the major cause of death and disability by the year 2020. With an estimated 10 million people affected annually by traumatic head injury, the burden of mortality and morbidity that this condition imposes on society, makes traumatic head injury a pressing public health and medical problem. Methods: Hospital based Cross Sectional study. Results: Road Traffic Accident(RTA) was found to be the leading (65.7%) cause of traumatic brain injury mostly in the age group of 21-30 years of age. However, in case of age group 1-10 years, fall was found to be the most common factor. Injuries ranged from scalp hematoma (75%) cases followed by cerebral contusions in 26.3%. Conclusion: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) was the most common cause of head injury, with most common affected group being the young adult males. As much as 40% of these injuries were found to be in urgent need of medical attention.
Pattern of head injury cases admitted at tertiary care centre in central India
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2017
The present was the prospective study prospective on head injury cases admitted at tertiary care centre. Cases with the history of head injury which are admitted to the hospital are included in this study. The cases which were brought dead and which were having other visceral injury other than brain are excluded from this study. The present study was carried out in the department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur during the period of November 2011 to October 2013. In the present study 21 to 30 year was the most commonly involved group in which male outnumbered the female. Out of 103 cases, road traffic accident was the most common cause of head injury followed by fall from height and assault. Most of the cases (i.e., 61 cases) died during the first 24 hours of admission. Fissured (Linear) fracture was the most common type of skull fracture observed in the present study (41.35% cases).Temporal bone was the most common bone involved. Subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhages are the most common type of intracranial haemorrhage observed in the present study.
New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6, 2021
The present was the prospective study prospective on head injury cases admitted at tertiary care centre. Cases with the history of head injury which are admitted to the hospital are included in this study. The cases which were brought dead and which were having other visceral injury other than brain are excluded from this study. The present study was carried out in the department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur during the period of November 2011 to October 2013. Aim of this study was to asses the age and sex wise distribution of head injury cases, type of skull fracture and intracranial hemorrage, survival time. In the present study 21 to 30 year was the most commonly involved group in which male outnumbered the female. Out of 103 cases, road traffic accident was the most common cause of head injury followed by fall from height and assault. Most of the cases (i.e.61 cases) died during the first 24 hours of admission. Fissured (Li...
Clinical profile and management of head injury at tertiary health care center in rural area, India
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015
Background: Trauma is a major public health issue and head injury is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Head injury is the injury on head with alteration in the level of consciousness with or without vomiting. Alcohol is the major contributing factor causing majority of cases. Methods: This study analyzes the increasing occurrence of head injury in the developing rural area in India. Because of increasing trend of head injury, a total of 100 cases were studied from a period of March 2012 to July 2015. Results: Most of the cases were due to road traffic accident, assault and fall from height with maximum cases in young age group. In our study CT scan was decisive in 43% cases which were operated. The role of paramedical staff taking care at the site of accident and on the way up to hospital causing reduction in the death and disability. For the improvement of outcome there should be easily recognition and prevention of secondary insults and for this CT scan has a decisive and important role. Conclusions: By studying the common causes of head injury, identifying the preventable factors causing mortality and morbidity and explaining the important role of pre hospital management, we would like to conclude how we can prevent the morbidity and mortality and improving the overall outcome of head injury from road traffic accident by early treatment in the tertiary hospital.
The objective of the study was to compare clinical patterns of head injuries in reference to the Glasgow coma scale including neurological examination and also to determine morbidity and mortality in head injury patients admitted to a nodal tertiary care hospital and a rural community hospital. Methods: This prospective study was done at the emergency department of Kasturba Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Sushrut Hospital, Maharashtra on a total of 1000 cases during one-year study duration. The severity of the head injury was analysed using a Glasgow coma scale and outcome in terms of management and death was assessed. Results: Out of 1000 cases with head injuries, 900 cases were admitted in tertiary care hospital and 100 cases in a rural hospital. A significant difference was observed in terms of age group (p=0.01), mode of trauma (p=0.04) and symptoms (p=0.03) among the patients admitted with head injuries in both hospitals. The mortality rate was 1% and 3% in tertiary care and rural hospitals respectively. Conclusions: Head injuries are predominantly affecting the male population and most of them are due to road traffic accidents. Early assistance of medical aid and emergency room care results in good outcomes with minimal deaths.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2018
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury is an alarming and rising epidemic disease affecting the majority of population of Indore. A detailed epidemiological study was therefore much needed to analyse its impact on the health of people, availability of health resources and plan future strategies based on them. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of head injury cases admitted at MYH Indore, between January 2011 and December 2013. RESULTS A total of 2822 cases of head Injury were admitted. 1291 patients of head injury were victims of RTA. Of these 51% were occupants of two-wheeler, 31% were of four-wheeler and 18% were pedestrians. The head injury victims between the ages of 21 and 40 years accounted for 46.7% of all. Of the total 2822 patients of head injury, 55.5% patients suffered from mild head injury, while 44.5% patients had moderate-to-severe head injury. 7.8% of mild head injury still needed emergency neurosurgical intervention. In comparison 71% of all patients were having moderate-to-severe head injury, did not need neurosurgical procedure. CONCLUSION The severity of head Injury can be reduced by enforcing existing traffic rules strictly which includes use of helmets for two wheelers, safety seat belts for four wheelers and setting speed limits. This study clearly highlights the fact that even mild head injury patients need observation and may need referral to a suitable neurosurgical centre, whereas majority of patients with moderate-to-severe head injury could also be managed at nearest urban and rural centres with ICU care setup under active supervision of neurosurgeons to optimise their management.
Pattern of head injury in central India population
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2017
Background: In India, the developing economy and growing population simultaneously made a strong impact on increase in motor vehicle population. This increase in motorization has some adverse effects such as increase in road accidents with economic and functional loss. Head injury is the most common cause of mortality in road traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to know the incidence, pattern, mechanism, mode of head injury along with its distribution in relation to site of vault fracture and intracranial hemorrhage.Methods: Total 391 post-mortem cases of head injury were enrolled during study period. The information regarding age, sex, residence, marital status, date and time of time of accident and of death was gathered from police inquest report, relatives, dead body challan and clinical details from hospital records. During autopsy, detailed examination was carried out and data regarding both external and internal injuries were carefully recorded and analyzed.Results: Th...
Epidemiology of Head Injuries in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in West Bengal
IOSR Journals , 2019
Aim: This study was aimed at understanding the epidemiology of head injury patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital situated in a semi urban area of West Bengal. Methods: This institutional based cross sectional descriptive study was carried out over a period of one year in a tertiary care centre in West Bengal catering to rural and semi urban population. Demographic and clinical data was collected from all the patients admitted with head injury in the surgical ward of the hospital. Results: Among the 300 cases of head injuries studied, the ratio of M:F was 67:33 with majority(90%) of the patients being from the rural areas. Age ranged from three months to 84 years, the maximum concentration of head injury patients being in the 0-24 years age group. Most of the people were illiterate and unemployed. Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the most common most common cause of head injury accounting for 55% of the study population. Fall from height was the second major cause (25%) of head injury and physical assault was the third major cause of head injury (12%). Unconsciousness and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms. 54% of patients had normal CT scan reports. Regarding management, it was seen that conservative treatment was given to 69% of the patients and 31% of the patients were treated with surgical measures. Majority (83%) were discharged by 5 days. Conclusion: Understanding the extent of the disease in a population, the group mostly affected, and the causes will be helpful in prevention.
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries represent 12% global burden of disease and main cause of death among 1-40 year old. Though some studies have described about traumatic brain injuries in India, very limited information is available from central part of India Aims and objectives: To evaluate the incidence, Mode, severity, 128 Slice Computed tomography scan findings, and clinical outcome of head injuries at central part of India (Haroti area of Rajasthan and Malwa area of Madhya Pradesh). Materials and Methods: For the study 800 patient’s of Traumatic head injuries that admitted between April 2018-march 2019 in Jhalawar medical College Jhalawar Rajasthan India were included. Their medical records were reviewed and data on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes analysed. Results: Among 800 patient’s of head injuries, median age was 28 year (range 1-90 years) Road traffic accident (60%) was most common mode of injuries followed by accidental fall from height (25%). Cerebral contusion (16%) was most common finding on 128 slice Computed tomography scan followed by acute subdural hematoma (11%) and skull bones fracture (10%). Good recovery (independent for day to day activities) was seen in 70%, mild disability was seen in 27%, severe disability in 3% and persistent vegetative state seen in 1% patient’s. Conclusion: Road traffic accident are the most common cause of traumatic head injuries in central part of India and mainly occurs in young productive age groups. At least 10% mortality or severe disability occurred in Traumatic head injury patients. Knowledge about epidemiology, etiology, clinical outcome are extremely helpful for further policy making, research and health management at national level in developing countries. Higher incidence of Post traumatic seizures occurred in severe head injuries (12.5%) followed by Moderate (2%) and least (1%) in mild head injuries patient’s.