Determining the Maternal Risk Factors Contributing to the Birth of Low Birth Weight Newborn: A Case-Control Study (original) (raw)
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International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: Birth weight is one of the significant determinants of perinatal survival and infant morbidity and illnesses during early childhood. The burden of LBW neonates in the developed world is around 7%, whereas it is more than double at around 16.5% in developing countries.Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was extracted through the electronic medical record (EMR) with specific coding related to LBW from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020.Results: Our study showed LBW disease burden of 7.61% equated to 7% in the developed world while, in contrast with LBW prevalence in the developing countries, 16.5%. Gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and primigravida are the major risk factors associated with LBW.Conclusions: Our study concludes that antenatal care is one of the major aspects to decrease the incidence of LBW, especially in primigravida. By estimating LBW, we c...
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017
Background and Objective: Birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babies. Methods: The study was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad. A sample size of 1603 live births over a period of five months were analyzed. The pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of their pregnancy and followed up till their delivery. Information regarding maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval was collected. The birth weight was recorded within 24 hours of delivery. Data analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism version 6.0. Results: Data of 1863 birth out of which 1603 were live births and among these live births, 1442 were normal birth weight babies and 161 number of low birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. The incidence of LBW in this study was (10.04%). LBW was more common in female (n=84) than in male (n=77) babies. However, this difference was statistically insignificant. Among different risk factors maternal age (p<0.05), parity (P = 0.0167), income of family (P = 0.0190), has a statically significant association with incidence of LBW. The gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy was found to affect the incidence of LBW babies, however the difference was found to be statistically insignificant for LBW. Birth interval less than three years and low hemoglobin level (P<0.0260) was found to have a significant association with LBW babies. Conclusion: LBW a common problem in Pakistan is an important factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among different risk factors maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval less than three years were found to be the important risk factors contributing to LBW babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad.
International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2020
Background: Cases of Low Birth Weight babies (LBW) are a health problem that is found in many countries, especially in developing and lagging countries. The causes of LBW babies are multifactorial, one of which is maternal and obstetric. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal and obstetric factors with the incidence of LBW. Materials and Methods: This study was a case control study design. The study was conducted at the Regional General Hospital dr. Pirngadi Medan with 190 babies born in the year 2018 (130 LBW babies, 59 babies of normal weight). Samples were obtained as many as 68 divided into 34 case groups and 34 control groups. Factors such as lack of iron supplementation (anemia), history of LBW at previous labor, history of hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia, eclampsia), placenta previa, placental abruption. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression test. Result: The study showed that factors related to LBW incidence in newborns were ? maternal anemia (p = 0.032), history of LBW at previous delivery (p = 0.014), and placenta praevia (p = 0.027). Unrelated factors were history of hypertension in pregnancy (p = 1.124), placental abruption (p = 0.241). The most dominant factor associated with the incidence of LBW is the history of LBW at previous deliveries (PR = 4.35), meaning that mothers who have a history of previous deliveries of LBW babies have a 4.3 times higher chance than mothers who do not have a history of LBW at previous deliveries. Conclusion: LBW is associated with anemia, a history of LBW at previous labor, and placenta previa. Health workers must routinely educate mothers at ANC to prevent LBW babies. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that of the factors associated with the incidence of LBW in newborns is anemia, a history of LBW in previous labor, and placenta previa. While the history of hypertension and placental abruption does not show a real relationship.
Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important risk factor that contributes to mortality of 15-20% of newborn globally. This case-control study was conducted to determine factors associated with low birth weight among new-born delivered at term in obstetrical and gynecological wards of the hospital. Patients and methods: Mothers of 150 low birth weight babies born at term were taken as cases and 150 normal weight babies born at same day, were taken as controls. Mothers were interviewed on using a semi-structured and pretested questionnaire. The data was analyzed on SPSS Version 22.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Illiterate mothers had 2.332 odds of having low birth weight babies (0.03, 95% CI = 1.3317 to 4.152). Mothers from low socio-economic status had 3.54 odds of delivering LBW (p-value = 0.000, 95% CI = 2.184 to 5.94). The odds of having low birth weight babies was 4.004 times high in the mothers exposed to passive smoking (p-value =...
Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight Infants: A Hospital based study in Lucknow
2015
Low Birth Weight is a serious public health problem and is a major issue of concern in maternal and child health. About 50 % of all neonatal deaths occur only due to Low Birth weight and survivors may also have to suffer greater risk of malnutrition, infection, neuro-developmental disorders and chronic health problems in adult life. Low Birth Weight is the single most important predictor of infant's mortality, morbidity and disability in early life as well as important indicator of reproductive and general health status of population. The incidences of low birth weight and mortality rates can be reduced if the factors identified and managed as early as possible. So it is necessary to identify and correct the responsible factors to reduce the burden of low birth weight. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of low birth weight in study area and to determine the risk factors responsible for low birth weight in infants. Methodology: A study on maternal biosocial determinants and mean actual birth weight was conducted on 310 mother-infants pairs in the maternity wards of two hospitals. Respondents were interviewed and information thus collected was entered in SPSS. Chi square test was applied to determine the association of various factors with birth weight of infants. Results: Among the 310 respondent studied a total of 61.3% (190) new born were low birth weight, and rest 38.7 % were normal. 48.1 %(149) of low birth weight was due to preterm birth and only 19.7 % were due to IUGR. The Mean birth weight found in the study was about 2.350 gms. A large percentages of respondents were found undernourished (67.4%) and are unaware of the nutritional information regarding health and pregnancy due to lack of proper education (65.8%).Birth weight was found significantly associated with birth interval, previous history of prematurity, pre-pregnancy weight, hemorrhage, stress and depression, chronic illness of mother, hemoglobin status and pre-pregnancy BMI of mother. Conclusion: We concluded that the prevalence of low birth weight in the study area was 61.3 %. Results indicated that a large proportion of respondents was under nourished and even they were unaware of the role of nutrition in keeping themselves healthy We recommended that improvement in nutritional status, knowledge and life style by increasing access and utilization of policies and programs provided by the government may contributes on a great level in reducing the problems occurred due to prematurity and low birth weight.
Journal of Health Sciences
Low birth weight babies (LBW) are newborns whose body weight at birth is less than 2,500 grams regardless of gestational age. In 2015, the incidence of LBW in Makassar City was 690 cases. By knowing the risk factors for LBW, health workers and government can perform the targeted intervention in groups with a high risk to reduce the incidence of LBW. This paper analyzes the correlation between parity, maternal age, maternal occupation, maternal education, severe preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, and multiple pregnancies with the incidence of LBW. This study was analytical survey research with a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted at Haji Makassar Hospital for one month, using medical record data (secondary data). The population was 955 people who gave birth at the Haji Makassar Hospital in January-December 2018. Furthermore, the sample was 496 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. The bivariate analysis utilized the chi-square test. There was a significa...
Study of maternal risk factors for low birth weight neonates: a case-control study
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2015
development. Low birth weight (LBW) in babies continues to remain a major public health problem worldwide, especially in the developing countries. The prevalence of LBW in India is 28% of all live births. As per the WHO (World Health Organization) estimation approximately 25 million LBW babies are born each year, consisting 15% of all live birth, approximately 93% of them in developing countries. [1] Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to heavier babies (≤2.5 kg). [2] LBW is the result of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, or a combination of both pathophysiologic conditions. There are numerous factors contributing to LBW, both maternal and fetal. Weight at birth is directly influenced by Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of reproductive health and general health status of population. Weight at birth is directly influenced by general level of health status of the mother. The maternal risk factors are biologically and socially interrelated; most are, however, modifiable, which vary from one area to another, depending on geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate maternal risk factors associated with LBW neonates. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care government hospital in Solapur, Maharashtra. A total of 220 cases (vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery) and 220 controls who delivered a live-born singleton baby without congenital malformation enrolled within 1 day of delivery. Mothers who had multiple births were excluded. All babies were weighed within 24 h after the birth. The information was gathered from the maternal health records and interviewing the mothers of these infants. Results: The mean age of mothers in case group was 22.6 years and that of controls was 23.92 years. Mean weight gain during pregnancy of mothers in case group was 4.2 kg and that of controls was 5.9 kg. Mean weight of the newborn of cases and controls was 1664.97 and 2548.35 g, respectively. Spacing <2 years between this and last pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension, tobacco exposure, lower socioeconomic status (class IV+V), prepregnancy weight <45 kg, late antenatal care (ANC) registration were identified as significant risk factors for LBW neonates. Significant association was found between maternal education (illiterate/primary), prematurity, cesarean delivery, age of mother <20 or >30 years, height <145 cm, maternal occupation (laborer), nuclear family, primigravida, anemia, inadequate ANC, and LBW. Conclusion: Health education, socioeconomic development, maternal nutrition, and increasing the use of health services during pregnancy are all important factors for reducing LBW.
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2016
The maternal risk factors are biologically and socially interrelated; most are, however, modifiable. 4 The maternal and fetal risk factors for LBW are varying among different geographical regions. Therefore, we planned the present study to assess the maternal risk factors associated with LBW neonates at a tertiary hospital, Nanded, Maharashtra. INTRODUCTION Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as weight <2500 g at birth regardless of gestational age. 1 LBW is a leading cause of prenatal and neonatal deaths, and as such it remains a worldwide issue and one of the most important public health problems particularly in developing countries. 2 National Family Health Survey-III has found that in India, 21.5% babies are born with LBW. 3 There are numerous
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of MBchB degree offered by Benadir University faculty of Medicine and Surgery’’
ABSTRACT Low birth weight (LBW) is a major determinant of morbidity, mortality and disability in newborn and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcomes in adult life. It results in substantial costs to the health sector and imposes a significant burden on society as a whole. This study sought to determine risk factors associated with LBW deliveries in SOS and Benadir Maternity Hospitals, Mogadishu, Somalia. It focused on LBW and maternal socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and medical factors. This was a cross-sectional study which comprised of 211 women who delivered at SOS and Benadir Maternity Hospitals between1st Feb- 31st July 2015. Non probability, convenience sampling was used to select the study participants; face to face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The prevalence of LBW was 11.85%. There was no significant association between low birth weight and the socio-demographic factors except the educational level of primary school and below which was significantly associated with low birth weight (OR=3.24,P=0.025). There was a significant association between LBW and A child born to a mother who used to consume less than three meals per day during pregnancy (OR= 2.13, p=0.034),Non prenatal clinic attendance (OR= 3.37, p<0.002),, gestational age (<37wks) (OR= 28.28, p<0.001), multiple gestation(OR= 1.87, p<0.02), hypertension (OR= 2.79, p<0.001), abdominal pain (OR= 2.03, p<0.03), lower backache (OR=1.97, p=0.02). The prevalence of LBW in SOS and Benadir Maternity Hospitals (11.85%) was low compared to the previous prevalence rates that have been reported in Kenya. Since most of LBW deliveries in SOS and Benadir Maternity Hospitals were due to preterm delivery, it implies that if proper and timely diagnosis as well as treatment of causes of premature delivery undertaken, the prevalence can be reduced. Therefore, it is important to upscale antenatal clinic services especially on reproductive health education. There is also need to educate pregnant women on signs and symptoms that could predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2017
Aim: Present study was conducted to know the maternal risk factors and outcome of low birth weight babies in Materials and Method: Two hundred cases of low birth weight babies irrespective of gestational age, without any congenital anomalies were included, after informed consent. Detailed histories regarding maternal risk factors were taken and clinical examination done in all cases. Mothers' height and weight were recorded. The babies were followed up during this hospital stay to determine the morbidity and mortality. Results: Low maternal weight, multiparity, low socio economic status, illiteracy, inadequate antenatal care, maternal anemia, maternal malnutrition, maternal hypertension and PROM were the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight babies. The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in low birth weight babies were sepsis, MODS, HIE, RDS, NEC, hypoglycemia, PDA, IVH, meningitis and feeding difficulties. Conclusion: Identification of high risk factors and apprsopriate management can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.