NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED ONE YEAR IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF NORTH KARNATAKA -A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY (original) (raw)
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The National medical journal of India
Infant feeding practices have a major role in determining the nutritional status of children and are associated with household socioeconomic and demographic factors. We did a cross-sectional household study to assess feeding practices of infants and young children in rural areas of Medak district, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 805 child-mother pairs were included using systematic random sampling. Age-specific feeding patterns were described using frequencies, proportions and survival analysis. Logistic regression was done with feeding practice as dependent and sociodemographic factors as independent variables. Breastfeeding was universal in the study area. Only 22% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour whereas 44% initiated it within three hours after delivery. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 5.5 months. Pre-lacteal use was high (44.7%). Only 41% of infants were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and 58% of infants (6-11 months) received complementary fe...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Breastfeeding is considered one of the most significant aspects of a child's health and survival. Breastfeeding is unquestionably the "GOLD STANDARD" dietary intake during the first six months after birth. So it is necessary to know about the feeding practices among children less than two years in both rural and urban areas. Aim of study was to compare the feeding practices among children less than two years attending the urban and rural Primary health centers under JSS Medical College, Mysuru. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 mother and their children residing in both rural and urban areas of Mysuru for six months. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic characteristics and feeding practices. Feeding practices among study subjects were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Results: In the present study, 35% had poor, 57.1% had average and 7.9% had good infant and early child feeding pr...
Impact of feeding practices on nutritional status of children in rural area of Navsari district
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2014
Background: Infant feeding practices have a major role in determining the nutritional status of children and are associated with household socioeconomic and demographic factors. Aims & Objectives: (1) To study the socio-demographic profile of mothers; (2) To assess impact of feeding practices on nutritional status of children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in rural areas of Navsari district, Gujarat, included 243 women, who had one child aged 12 to 23 months preceding data collection. Data were analyzed using statistical software Epi Info 6. Anthropometric analysis was done by using WHO Anthro software (version 3.2.2). Results: Breastfeeding was universal in the study area. Only 56.4 % of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour. Only 36.2 % of infants were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and 97.5 % had received complementary feeding at 6-9 months of age. There was 11.5% prevalence of underweight, 15.6% prevalence of stunting and 8.6% prevalence of wasting. There was significant association between underweight with the birth order of the child, birth weight of the child and time of initiation of the breast-feeding to the child. There was significant association between stunting with the sex of the child. There was significant association between time of initiation of breast-feeding with the birth order of the child and type of delivery. Conclusion: Malnutrition was associated with perinatal care practices and infant feeding practices. Efforts are needed to promote early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and age-appropriate complementary feeding among infants.
Public Health Nutrition, 2018
Objective: To study infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and their association with nutritional status among young children. Design: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in ten states of India, using a multistage random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements such as length/height and weight were conducted and nutritional assessment was done using the WHO child growth standards. Setting: National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau survey, 2011-2012. Participants: Children aged <3 years and their mothers. Results: Only 36 % of infants received breast-feeding within an hour of birth and 50 % were exclusively breast-fed up to 6 months. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 38, 41 and 22 %, respectively. The chance of undernutrition among <3-year-old children was significantly higher among those from scheduled caste/scheduled tribe communities, the lowest-income group, with illiterate mothers and lack of sanitary latrine. Among infants, the chance of undernutrition was significantly higher among low-birth-weight babies, and among children whose mother had not consumed iron-folic acid tablets during pregnancy. Immunization practices and minimum dietary diversity were observed to be associated with undernutrition among 12-23-month-old children. Conclusions: Undernutrition is still an important public health problem in India and observed to be associated with low socioeconomic status, illiteracy of mother, low birth weight and dietary diversity. Improving socioeconomic and literacy status of mothers can help in improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy and thus low birth weight. Also, improving knowledge of mothers about IYCF practices will help in improving children's nutritional status. Keywords Undernutrition Infant and young child feeding practices Conceptual framework Nutritional assessment Minimum dietary diversity Undernutrition continues to be an important public health problem in India, despite several nutrition intervention programmes in operation over the last four decades. Undernutrition is responsible directly or indirectly for about 45 % of deaths among children under 5 years of age (under-5s) globally, with these children at higher risk of death from common childhood illness such as diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria (1). Of this, about two-thirds are attributable to suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and occur during first year of life (2). In developing countries, optimal breast-feedingthat is, breast-feeding within an hour of birth, exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months and continued breast-feeding until age 2 years or longerhas the potential to prevent 12 % of all deaths in under-5s (1). Poor feeding practices during infancy and early childhood, resulting in malnutrition, contribute to impairment of cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life (3). Exclusively breast-fed children are less susceptible to diarrhoea and pneumonia and are fourteen times more likely to survive than non-breast-fed children (4). IYCF is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. The first 2 years of a child's life
A study on Infant Feeding practices among mothers of a Rural hilly area of District Dehradun
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2016
Background: Optimal infant-and young child-feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial for nutritional status, growth, development, health, and ultimately the survival of infants and young children. Practices like premature cessation of breastfeeding, early and unnecessary introduction of top feeding in incorrect dilutions and unhygienic pattern are also quite prevalent in many communities thereby aggravating malnutrition in children. The present study was undertaken to assess the feeding practices in the first six months among children less than three years, to know the barriers for the same and to study the effect of feeding practices on their nutritional status. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in all the villages under Rural Health Training Centre, the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine. A total of 500 mothers with their underthree children were included in the study. A Predesigned pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information on feeding practices within the first six months of life. Results: In the present study a total of 160 (33%) children were on top milk of which majority consumed cow's milk and were fed by bottle (91%). Majority of the mothers diluted milk (87.5%) in the proportion of 1:1 (38%). In appropriate feeding practices were more common males. Infants who had inappropriate feeding practices in the initial six months were found to be maximally undernourished. Conclusion: The present study revealed suboptimal feeding practices in the first six months, which was again found as one of the major risk factor for malnutrition among children.
National Journal of Research in Community Medicine, 2018
Introduction: After the age of six months the nutritional requirement of the child will no longer be met with breast milk alone. Timely introduction of solid and semisolid foods, appropriate quantity and quality is very essential failing which, risk of malnutrition increases. Therefore the present study was taken up with the objective of assessing the infant and young child feeding practices of children less than 24 months. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of a medical college in Raichur, Karnataka. Based on DLHS 4 data on proportion of children under 6 months who were exclusively breast fed, a sample size of 171 was obtained. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was framed based on WHO IYCF questionnaire to collect data.. Results: Mothers of 178 children were included in the study. Proportion of male and female children exclusively breast fed were 45% and 55% respectively. Colostrum was discarded by 19.4% mothers and amongst them 11.3% perceived it to be dirty. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) requirement was met only in 12.4% of the children. Conclusion: Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices are highly prevalent. A minimum acceptable diet criterion according to the WHO recommendation was met only in 1/8 th of the study population. There is a need to create awareness on the importance of proper feeding practices in the community to improve the nutritional status of the under-five population.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in a Rural Area of North India
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015
Background: Infant and young child feeding practices directly affect the nutritional status of children under two years of age and, ultimately, impact child survival. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the WHO infant and child feeding indicators in a rural area of Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayan and Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. The data was obtained from mothers/primary caregivers of 813 living children 0-23 months of age group and information about seven core and three optional WHO infant and young child feeding indicators was collected using WHO questionnaire. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval were calculated. A Χ2 test and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI was calculated wherever required. Results: Only 56.7% of infants were put to breast within one hour of birth,...
Nutritional status assessment of 6-59 months age children in rural Yadgir, Karnataka state, India
International journal of community medicine and public health/International journall of community medicine and public health, 2024
Background: Childhood undernutrition contributes to childhood diseases and is a major cause of child mortality in India. According to National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 32% under-five children in India were underweight , and 36% were stunted. In Karnataka, the prevalence of underweight among under-five children was 33% and stunting 35%. The objective of the study was to assess the nutritional status of under five-years children in rural communities. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 1887 under-five children from rural Yadgir, Karnataka. Weight and height of children were measured using standard protocols. The World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software version 3.2.2.1 was used for analyzing data. Children whose Z-scores on weight-forage , height-forage and weight-for-height indices were below-2SD from the median of the WHO reference population were considered as underweight, stunted, and wasted respectively. Results: The result revealed that 53.6% of children were stunted, 39.4% were underweight and 15.3% were wasted. Severe forms of underweight, stunting and wasting were observed among 9.4%, 24.2% and 4% children respectively. The frequency of being underweight and stunted has increased with age, which was accelerated after 6 months and about 34% and 52% of children were underweight and stunted by the age 12-23 months. While wasting was higher among children aged 6-11 (24.2%) months than their counterparts. Conclusions: Special attention is required to reduce nutrition vulnerability among young children (12-24 months). An appropriate strategy needs to be implemented to educate rural mothers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Background: Infant and young child is the future of the nation and constitute the most important human resource of any country. Adequate nutrition in first 24 months through optimal infants and young child feeding is fundamental for development of a child to its fullest potential. The present study is designed to assess the prevalence of optimal IYCF practices and its determinants in rural area of Kamrup, Assam. Methods: Mothers of children 0-23 months of age were interviewed using a semi structured schedule to record information on feeding practices. Results: A total of 200 infant and young children were studied for feeding practices. Breastfeeding (BF) was initiated within 1 h of birth in 49% of children. Early initiation of BF was significantly higher in children born in government institutions, normal births and in families with higher income. Colostrum was given by 79% of the mothers. Children born in the government institution were more likely to receive colostrum (P < 0.05).Pre-lacteal feeds were given 34% of mothers, children born at home and private institution and caesarean births received prelacteal feeds more often (P<0.05). The prevalence of exclusive BF (EBF) for 6 months or more was 62.5%.It was higher in children of first birth order and institutional births (P<0.05). Complementary feeding was started at 6 months in 53.8% of these children. Conclusions: Early initiation of breast feeding and exclusive breast feeding were higher in children born in government institutions. Therefore, awareness about IYCF practices has to be increased among the mothers.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health, 2020
Background: Appropriate feeding practices are of primary importance for the survival, growth, development, and nutrition of infants and children. The most important factor that affects growth of various organs of child is the nutrition. Breastfeeding is the primary source to provide nutrition in all newborns. Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the breastfeeding practices of children in Rural and Urban setting and to find out the relation between breastfeeding Practices and Nutritional status of children. Materials and Methods: A community based study was conducted in the field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital. Multistage Random sampling technique was used for the selection of study subjects. A total of 117 under five children were studied equally from rural and urban area. A predesigned Pretested Performa was used to assess the Breast feeding practices. Stunting and underweight were used to proxy the child nutrition status. Data was evaluated on SPSS version 17.Chi-square test was used to compare the feeding practices & to find out their association with nutritional status in the two areas. Results: Breastfeeding practices of Urban children was found to be better than Rural children. Under nutrition was found in children who initiated breastfeeding after 3days, took prelacteal feeds, discarded colostrum, & who were not on Exclusive breastfeeding in both the areas. Conclusion: Breastfeeding practices were though poor in both areas but most of the parameters were still better in urban areas. Breast feeding practices was found to be significant predictor for under nutrition.