水道管材料が微生物膜形成に及ぼす影響―特に米国における研究例― (original) (raw)

次世代超電導線材の開発と特性評価 改良型ＴＦＡ‐ＭＯＤ法におけるＹ１２３膜組織形成機構と水蒸気分圧の影響

TEION KOGAKU (Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan), 2004

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (Y123) films were deposited under various water vapor partial pressures (P(H 2 O)) in the crystallization process by an advanced metalorganic deposition (MOD) method using trifluoroacetates. Microstructures of the films were evaluated by means of transmission electron microscopy. As a result, in the Y123 film crystallized under lower P(H 2 O) such as 2.1%, large pores were remarkably observed. Furthermore, there were many amorphous layers of non-superconducting phases in the film. In contrast, small pores were distributed in the films deposited under higher P(H 2 O) of 4.2, 6.3 and 13.5%. Considering that the critical current (I c) values become higher as P(H 2 O) increases, the existence of large pores and non-superconducting phase compounds causes a reduction in I c. By investigating the microstructures of the films quenched during the crystallization process, it was found that the pores in the films are generated by the reaction of the non-superconducting phases trapped in the growing Y123 film, which then transform to Y123 afterwards accompanied by volume reduction of about 30%. The sizes of the entrapped phase crystals in the Y123 film depend on the P(H 2 O), and this may determine the pore sizes in the final film.

「還元/水洗/緩和/酸化」法によるパーマネントウェーブ形成における施術処理条件の影響

Sen'i Gakkaishi, 2013

The effects of the chemical and mechanical treatment conditions on the permanent wave performance of hair tresses treated with a proposed waving procedure modified by the incorporated relaxation process in the conventional waving technique were investigated. The evaluation of the shape of the waved samples was performed in dry state after one day. As compared to the results obtained with the conventional technique, all of the tresses of reduced for 3 and 5 minutes with the appropriate range of pH and concentration in the ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) solution were superior in wave strength and stability with increasing both pH and ATG concentration in reducing solution. This effectiveness is caused by some rearrangement of the protein chains in the stress-supporting phase in the hair and dependent on the proportion of ionized sulfhydril groups (KS-) generated by the cleavage of the disulfide bonds. It was found, in addition, that the effectiveness of relaxation process was also dependent on the degree of initial stress wrapped on the rod. These findings indicate that in the proposed waving procedure modified by the incorporated relaxation process, both concentration of KSin the reduced area within the hair and degree of the initial bending stress wrapped on the rod are the main factor of the permanent wave formation of human hair. Accordingly the incorporation of relaxation process to the conventional technique brought the shortening of the reducing and neutralizing process at the completion of the permanent waving procedure. The shortened reducing and neutralizing process brought about decrease in the damage caused by the reduction and oxidation reaction, resulting in major benefits as observed by appearance and feel.