Kinetic Analysis on Cell Growth and Biosynthesis of Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in Cupriavidus Necator H16 (original) (raw)
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IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved BIOPLASTICS -A REVIEW
Bioplastics can be defined as plastics made of biomass such as corn, sugarcane etc. These substances have been increasingly spotlighted as means to saving fossil fuels, reducing CO2 emission and plastic wastes. Biodegradability of Bioplastics has been widely publicized in society and the demand for packaging is rapidly increasing among retailers and the food industry at large scale. The plastic which is available in market is very dangerous as it is non-biodegradable. Therefore, it is the demand of the day that biodegradable plastics should be produced and used. The common types of bio-plastics are based on cellulose, starch, poly lactic acid (PLA), poly-3hydroxybutyrate (PHB), Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA). The production of bioproducts from various biological feedstocks has been explored in an effort to enable sources of renewable and biodegradable plastics. However, improved and additional methods for processing biomass into bioplastics are needed for commercial viability and/or feasibility to be established. Biodegradable bioplastic in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or more specifically polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) may be produced from genetically engineered Escherichia coli grown on waste carbon sources. The present disclosure in aspects and embodiments addresses these various needs and problems by providing methods, compositions, reagents, and kits for producing bioplastics from bacteria, the method including processing with a bioplastic-producing bacteria to yield bioplastics.
Bacterially Produced Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): Converting Renewable Resources into Bioplastics
Dependence on conventional plastics and their boundless usage have resulted in waste accumulation and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent technologies are directed towards the development of bio-green materials that exert negligible sideeffects on the environment. A biologically-synthesized plastic, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), has been attracting major interests due to its similar physical properties to synthetic plastics. Unlike synthetic plastics, PHA is produced from renewable resources and is degraded aerobically by microorganisms to CO 2 and H 2 O upon disposal. The selections of suitable bacterial strains, inexpensive carbon sources, efficient fermentation and recovery processes are important aspects that should be taken into consideration for the commercialization of PHA. This chapter discusses economical strategies to reduce production costs of PHA as well as its applications in various fields.
Production of biodegradable polymers (PHA) through low cost carbon sources: Green Chemistry
International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (IJCEE), 2013
The presence of PHA is discovered by biologists since 1925. The existence of lipid granules in the cytoplasm of some bacterial cells was described by the French scientist Lemoigne. In the 1960s, scientists were interested in novel plastics have become aware of the PHAs, and social and economic forces have supported research in the area. PHAs are biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are used as an energy and carbon storage compound within certain bacterial cells. The industry is looking into replacing the plastics, which are not biodegradable, with PHAs because they are biodegradable polymers despite the current plastics. These are biopolymers, which can replace petrochemical plastics in many applications. However, these bioplastics are more expensive right now than petrochemical plastics for example one of the cheap sources for producing PHA without filtration is waste frying oil. Small-scale batch fermentation studies have been set up, using different concentrations of pure vegetable oil, heated vegetable oil and waste frying oil. A feed of waste frying oil could thus achieve more biopolymer than pure vegetable oil. The collection of waste fryi ng oil is becoming more widespread, making waste oil a good alternative to purified oil or glucose for PHA production Some microbial strains are used to produce PHA. An optimized process design will minimize waste streams and energy losses through recycling.
A New Wave of Industrialization of PHA Biopolyesters
Bioengineering
The ever-increasing use of plastics, their fossil origin, and especially their persistence in nature have started a wave of new innovations in materials that are renewable, offer the functionalities of plastics, and are biodegradable. One such class of biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are biosynthesized by numerous microorganisms through the conversion of carbon-rich renewable resources. PHA homo- and heteropolyesters are intracellular products of secondary microbial metabolism. When isolated from microbial biomass, PHA biopolymers mimic the functionalities of many of the top-selling plastics of petrochemical origin, but biodegrade in soil, freshwater, and marine environments, and are both industrial- and home-compostable. Only a handful of PHA biopolymers have been studied in-depth, and five of these reliably match the desired material properties of established fossil plastics. Realizing the positive attributes of PHA biopolymers, several established chemical companies an...
The EuroBiotech Journal, 2018
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), the only group of “bioplastics” sensu stricto, are accumulated by various prokaryotes as intracellular “carbonosomes”. When exposed to exogenous stress or starvation, presence of these microbial polyoxoesters of hydroxyalkanoates assists microbes to survive. “Bioplastics” such as PHA must be competitive with petrochemically manufactured plastics both in terms of material quality and manufacturing economics. Cost-effectiveness calculations clearly show that PHA production costs, in addition to bioreactor equipment and downstream technology, are mainly due to raw material costs. The reason for this is PHA production on an industrial scale currently relying on expensive, nutritionally relevant “1st-generation feedstocks”, such as like glucose, starch or edible oils. As a way out, carbon-rich industrial waste streams (“2nd-generation feedstocks”) can be used that are not in competition with the supply of food; this strategy not only reduces PHA production co...
Perspectives Of Bioplastics- A Review
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a thermoplastic easily degradable by the action of microorganisms. A large amount of non-degradable plastics wastages are causing Environmental biggest problems. These plastics are the availability of in some markets and it’s very dangerous to the environment. The non-degradable plastics are solid wastes, greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, different air contaminations, dangerous dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are discharged to the environment it causes extreme damage and harmful to the occupants. The finding of alternate for the problem causing non-biodegradable plastics is needed to protect our environment. Therefore, the easily degradable bioplastics gained attention in the environmental research community. Biodegradable bioplastics are generally publicized in the public and the demand for a package is quickly expanding among the retails and food industry at large scales. This review highlights every one point are regarding the applications,...
Waste to bioplastics: How close are we to sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates production?
Waste Management, 2021
Increased awareness of environmental sustainability with associated strict environmental regulations has incentivized the pursuit of novel materials to replace conventional petroleum-derived plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are appealing intracellular biopolymers and have drawn significant attention as a viable alternative to petrochemical based plastics not only due to their comparable physiochemical properties but also, their outstanding characteristics such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on the involved PHA producer microorganisms, production process from different waste streams by both pure and mixed microbial cultures (MMCs). Bio-based PHA production, particularly using cheap carbon sources with MMCs, is getting more attention. The main bottlenecks are the low production yield and the inconsistency of the biopolymers. Bioaugmentation and metabolic engineering together with cost effective downstream processing are promising approaches to overcome the hurdles of commercial PHA production from waste streams.