Rapeseed-based polyols and paper production waste sludge in polyurethane foam: Physical properties and their prediction models (original) (raw)
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Water-blown polyurethane foams have some drawbacks such as intensive shrinkage, relatively high density, skin peeling phenomena post blowing, and longer demold time. These drawbacks can be partially or fully eliminated by varying the characteristics of the main components. Therefore, aliphatic polyester rapeseed polyol produced via fermentation was mixed with common modifiers, such as propylene glycol, rapeseed glycerine, and corn starch. The impact of molecular weight and hydroxyl values of their mixtures was evaluated by testing the obtained bio-based polyurethane foams for reaction kinetics, some structural parameters, density, compressive strength, structure morphology, the change in thermal conductivity, dimensional stability, and long-term water absorption by total immersion. Keeping in mind the generation of carbon dioxide during foaming, it was interesting to study the change in the thermal conductivity after 1 day and 30 days after foam production. Propylene-glycol-modified foams had competing dimensional stability, reduced density, faster foam curing capability, lowest water absorption, and shortest demold time due to the obtained open cell structure.
Engineering Structures and Technologies, 2017
Paper waste sludge (PWS) is the main and the greatest by-product in paper production process, and its elimination as well as destruction is a primary environmental problem. This research explores the feasibility of such wastes to be used in polyurethane foam composites. It is well known that using water as a sole blowing agent has major drawbacks such as long demould time, shrinkage, high diffusion rate of carbon dioxide and etc.; therefore, the bio-based propylene glycol (RPG) is used in order to solve such problems. The addition of 20 parts by weight (pbw) of RPG eliminates the primary shrinkage of the foam composites when PWS is used in the amount varying from 5% to 20%, and improves the dimensional stability at 70 oC and 90% relative humidity conditions. The addition of titanate coupling agent modified PWS particles increases the compressive strength of the final composites from ̴ 26% to ̴ 53%, from ̴ 17% to ̴ 31% and from ̴ 3% to ̴ 23% for, respectively, 10 pbw, 15 pbw and 20 p...
Polymer Composites, 2016
Increasing demands and consumption of humankind make an increase in paper production, extending the accumulation of paper production wastes. Due to legislations pertaining to environmental pollution, it has become necessary to search for new areas where these wastes could be used. Some of the processes such as milling, purification, etc. of fillers in the production of building materials are expensive and their cost reduction is desirable; therefore, the objective of this research is to develop strong and multifunctional rigid polyurethane foam composites from bio-based polyol that are filled with unpurified and high distribution in size, having paper waste sludge (PWS) particles, and to investigate the possibility to recycle them as filler in polyurethane composites. The rational amount of PWS particles is 5% by foam mass. PWS particles improve thermal conductivity, water vapor resistance, density, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity as compared to neat polyurethane foam matrix.
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A modified approach was used to prepare polyurethane (PU) foams employing natural oil-based polyols. Functionalized polyols with different hydroxyl values were synthesized from glycoside obtained from waste paper and reacted with natural oils viz. castor oil and soy oil. The obtained polyols were used to prepare the TDI-adduct based foams. Their physical and thermal properties were studied and compared using compression tests and thermogravimetric analysis; their cellular structures were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Processing parameters such as cream, rising and gel times were determined for the reactivity of the prepared polyols. Confirmation of PU linkage was performed by FTIR. The prepared PU foams demonstrated compressive properties ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 MPa and microscopic studies of the foam cell structure indicated its possible use for insulation purposes.
The Use of Biodiesel Residues for Heat Insulating Biobased Polyurethane Foams
International Journal of Polymer Science
The commercial and biobased polyurethane foams (PUF) were produced and characterized in this study. Commercial polyether polyol, crude glycerol, methanol-free crude glycerol, and pure glycerol were used as polyols. Crude glycerol is byproduct of the biodiesel production, and it is a kind of biofuel residue. Polyol blends were prepared by mixing the glycerol types and the commercial polyol with different amounts, 10 wt%, 30 wt%, 50 wt%, and 80 wt%. All types of polyol blends were reacted with polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanates (PMDI) for the production of rigid foams. Thermal properties of polyurethane foams are examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal conductivity tests. The structures of polyurethane foams were examined by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Changes in morphology of foams were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of polyurethane foams were determined by compression tests. This study identifies...
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Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are characterized by their excellent viable properties; thus, these materials can be successfully used as thermal insulation materials. The main problem, the solution of which is partly indicated in this paper, is that the products for the synthesis of RPUFs are produced from petrochemicals. Due to this, the use of natural fillers in the form of waste biomass is introduced for the synthesis of RPUFs. The biodegradable biomass waste used in the RPUF production process plays multiple roles: it becomes an activator of the RPUF foaming process, improves selected properties of RPUF materials and reduces the production costs of insulating materials. The paper presents the results of the foaming process with the use of six different fillers: sunflower husk (SH), rice husk (RH), buckwheat husk (BH), sunflower husk ash (SHA), rice husk ash (RHA) and buckwheat husk ash (BHA). In all cases, composites of rigid polyurethane foam with 10 wt.% of filler were produ...
Journal of Polymers and The Environment, 2018
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