Comparative Efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch Protocols Assessed by Transrectal Ultrasonography and Serum Progesterone in Egyptian Buffalo Heifers (original) (raw)
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Buffalo Bulletin, 2012
The aim of this study was to monitor and compare the ovarian follicular dynamics and serum progesterone profi les in heifers (HE) and buffalo cows (BC) during the Ovsynch protocol. A total of 17 apparently healthy female buffaloes received treatment regimen (8 HE and 9 BC). Twenty-two buffalo cows were used as reference for conception rate, control heifers and control buffalo-cow (CHE, n=10 and CBC, n=12). The heifers and buffalocows were cyclic. All treated animals were injected with GnRH on Day 0, PGF 2α on day 7, and GnRH on day 9, and AI 16 h later. Ovarian structures were monitored daily by ultrasound and blood samples were collected for progesterone (P 4 ) analysis. All the heifers (8) and fi ve of the cows had F>8 mm (LF) at the fi rst GNRH injection. The first GnRH injection resulted in ovulation in seven HE (87.5%) and all fi ve BC (100%) which had LF. Following the second GnRH, ovulation occurred in 100% of the HE and 88.8% of the BC. Ovulation began earlier in the BC (...
The aim of this study was to monitor and compare the ovarian follicular dynamics and serum progesterone profi les in heifers (HE) and buffalo cows (BC) during the Ovsynch protocol. A total of 17 apparently healthy female buffaloes received treatment regimen (8 HE and 9 BC). Twenty-two buffalo cows were used as reference for conception rate, control heifers and control buffalo-cow (CHE, n=10 and CBC, n=12). The heifers and buffalocows were cyclic. All treated animals were injected with GnRH on Day 0, PGF 2α on day 7, and GnRH on day 9, and AI 16 h later. Ovarian structures were monitored daily by ultrasound and blood samples were collected for progesterone (P 4) analysis. All the heifers (8) and fi ve of the cows had F>8 mm (LF) at the fi rst GNRH injection. The first GnRH injection resulted in ovulation in seven HE (87.5%) and all fi ve BC (100%) which had LF. Following the second GnRH, ovulation occurred in 100% of the HE and 88.8% of the BC. Ovulation began earlier in the BC (10.41 ± 7.6 h) following the second GnRH and extended for longer (22.6 ± 5.4 h) in the HE. The average P 4 concentrations of the HE were slightly greater than those of the BC on day 7 (P = 0.04). The conception rate in the HE was 62.5% (5/8) and was 60% (6/10) in the CHE, while only 11.11% (1/9) in the BC and 58.3% (7/12) in the CBC. It is suggested that the unsatisfactorily low conception rate in buffalo-cows-compared to heifers-may be attributable for the early ovulation and sub-functional CL.
Veterinary World, 2018
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols on estrus induction, conception rates, plasma progesterone, protein, and cholesterol profile in anestrus Gir heifers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 pubertal anestrus Gir heifers were selected from the field and farm conditions. The heifers were dewormed (injection ivermectin, 100 mg, s/c) and supplemented with minerals and vitamins (injection organic phosphorus 800 mg and injection Vitamin AD3E and Biotin 10 ml i/m) and multi-mineral bolus at 1 bolus daily for 7 days. The heifers were randomly divided into three groups: Doublesynch (n=20), Estradoublesynch (n=20), and control (n=10). The animals were monitored for estrus response, estrus interval, behavioral signs, and conception rates after induced/first, second, and third cycle post-treatment. Blood samples were obtained on day 0, day 9, day 12, and on day 12 post-artificial insemination (AI) for determination of plasma progesterone, protein, and cholesterol profile. Results: The estrus response rate between Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols was similar between treated heifers (85% and 95%). The interval from the second prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection to estrus induction did not differ between the groups (63.87±4.19 vs. 58.27±3.83 h). The conception rates following induced estrus (20% vs. 30%), at the second cycle (23.07% vs. 16.66%), at the third cycle (22.22% vs. 30.00%), and the overall conception rate (45% and 55%) within 27.89±5.75 and 26.45±5.48 days were the same across the treatment groups. The mean plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (p<0.01) higher on day 9 (second PGF2α injection) and day 12 post-AI compared to day 0 (first PGF2α injection) and the day of fixed-timed artificial insemination. The concentrations were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in conceived than non-conceived heifers on day 9 of treatment and day 12 post-AI in both the protocols. The mean plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher during peak follicular and luteal phases compared to the initial anestrus phase in both the protocols. The values were also higher in non-conceived than conceived animals in both the protocols. The plasma protein profile was not influenced by the sampling days or conceived and non-conceived status. Conclusion: The results showed that both Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols resulted in similar estrus induction and conception rates with modulation of plasma progesterone and cholesterol profile in anestrus Gir heifers.
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere, 2016
The aim of this study was to monitor the ovarian response and conception rate following estrous synchronization using CIDR, Ovsynch and double prostaglandin F2α protocols in Egyptian buffalo heifers. A total of 80 cyclic buffalo heifers were divided into four equal groups: CIDR (intravaginal progesterone releasing device, EAZI-BREED(TM) CIDR(®)), Ovsynch (GnRH, PGF2α, GnRH injections), PGF (double PGF2α doses) and control. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed in all heifers. All animals were examined using ultrasound and blood samples were collected for measurement of progesterone. A new follicular wave occurred earlier in the Ovsynch and PGF groups than in the CIDR group (p < 0.05). The mean diameter of the ovulatory follicle was smaller in the CIDR group than in the Ovsynch and PGF groups (p < 0.05). The ovulation rate was 100% in the CIDR group, 75% in the Ovsynch group and 70% in the PGF group. In the control group a lower pregnancy rate (20%) was determined i...
Animal Reproduction Science, 2014
This study examined the usefulness of radiotelemetry for estrous detection in buffalo heifers and the impact of prostaglandin F 2␣ (PGF 2␣ ) administration during the early or late luteal phase on estrous behavior and ovulatory follicle variables. Induction of estrus with PGF 2␣ at a random stage of the estrous cycle was followed by the arbitrary division of heifers into groups receiving a second dose of PGF 2␣ during either the early (n = 33) or late (n = 17) luteal phase (6-9 or 11-14 days after estrus, respectively) for the induction of synchronized estrus. The electronic detection of synchronized estrus by radiotelemetry was confirmed using ultrasonography every 6 h until ovulation. Radiotelemetry was 90% efficient and 100% accurate for estrous detection. Intervals between the PGF 2␣ dose and the beginning of synchronized estrus (40.7 ± 10.9 vs. 56.7 ± 12.8 h) or ovulation (70.0 ± 11.3 vs. 85.6 ± 12.5 h) were shorter (P < 0.05) for heifers receiving PGF 2␣ during the early luteal phase. PGF 2␣ administration during the early or late luteal phase produced similar (P > 0.05) results for the duration of estrus, the intervals from the beginning or end of estrus to ovulation, the number and duration of mounts per estrus, the duration of mounts, the diameter of the ovulatory follicle and the luteal profile on day 5 after estrus. In conclusion, radiotelemetry was a suitable tool for the efficient and accurate detection of estrus in buffalo heifers. Treatment with PGF 2␣ during the early luteal phase had a shorter interval to synchronized estrus and ovulation; however, estrous behavior, ovulatory follicle dynamics and subsequent luteal activity were similar following PGF 2␣ administration during the early or late luteal phase.
Resynchronizing estrus and ovulation in open cows and heifers
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2004
We compared outcomes of two protocols used to resynchronize estrus and ovulation in dairy females after found open at pregnancy checks. Replacement heifers and lactating cows in which AI occurred 41 ± 1 day earlier were presented every 2 to 3 weeks for a pregnancy check by ultrasonography. Ovaries were scanned, follicles were mapped and sized, presence of corpus luteum was noted, and GnRH was injected (day 0). Females received PGF 2" 7 days later (day 7) and then were assigned randomly to either receive estradiol cypionate (ECP) 24 hours after PGF 2" (day 8; Heatsynch; n = 230) or a second GnRH injection after PGF 2" (day 9; Ovsynch; n = 224). Those detected in estrus were inseminated, whereas the rest received a timed AI (TAI) between 65 and 74 hours after PGF 2". Few females (5.1%) were inseminated between open diagnosis and day 8. On day 10, more ECPthan GnRH-treated females were inseminated after detected estrus (24 vs. 6%). Overall, more Ovsynch than Heatsynch females received a TAI (82 vs. 62%). Conception rates tended to be greater for females inseminated after estrus (37%) than after TAI (29%), and the tendency was more pronounced for those treated with Heatsynch (41 vs. 27%) than for those treated with Ovsynch (33 vs. 31%). Conception rates for females having elevated progesterone 7 days after the not-pregnant diagnosis were greater than conception rates of those having low progesterone in Heatsynch (42%; n = 133 vs. 25%; n = 55) and Ovsynch protocols (33%; n = 142 vs. 15%; n = 45). Conception rates were greater in heifers than in lactating cows (43 vs. 28%), regardless of protocol employed. Although overall pregnancy outcomes were similar in response to either the Ovsynch or Heatsynch protocol, inseminations performed after detected estrus before the scheduled TAI reduced days to eventual conception and tended to increase conception rates, particularly after Heatsynch.
The use of estradiol and/or GnRH in a two-dose PGF protocol for breeding management of beef heifers
Theriogenology, 2004
The objective was to determine reproductive performance following AI in beef heifers given estradiol to synchronize ovarian follicular wave emergence and estradiol or GnRH to synchronize ovulation in a two-dose PGF-based protocol. In Experiment 1, 561 cycling (confirmed by ultrasonography), Angus heifers received 500 mg cloprostenol, i.m. (PGF) twice, 14 days apart (days 0 and 14) and were equally allocated to four groups in a 2 Â 2 factorial design. On Day 7, heifers received either 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 50 mg progesterone (P), i.m. in oil (EBP group) or no treatment (NT group). Half the heifers in each group received 1 mg EB, i.m. in oil on Day 15 (24 h after the second PGF treatment) with TAI 28 h later (52 h after PGF), and the other half received 100 mg GnRH, i.m. on Day 17 (72 h after PGF) concurrent with TAI. All heifers were observed for estrus twice daily from days 13 to 17; those detected in estrus more than 16 h before scheduled TAI were inseminated 4-16 h later and considered nonpregnant to TAI. Overall pregnancy rate (approximately 35 days after AI) was higher in heifers that received EBP than those that did not (61.6% versus 48.2%, respectively; P < 0:002); but was lower in heifers that received EB after PGF than those that received GnRH (50.0% versus 59.8%; P < 0:02). Although estrus was detected prior to TAI in 77 of 279 heifers (27.6%) treated with EBP (presumably due to induced luteolysis), they were inseminated and 53.2% became pregnant. Overall pregnancy rates were 51.4, 68.3, 45.0, and 55.0% in the NT/ GnRH, EBP/GnRH, NT/EB, and EBP/EB groups, respectively (P < 0:05). In Experiment 2, 401 cycling, Angus heifers were used. The design was identical to Experiment 1, except that 1.5 mg estradiol-17b (E-17b) plus 50 mg progesterone (E-17bP) and 1 mg E-17b were used in lieu of EBP and EB, respectively. All heifers receiving E-17b 24 h after the second injection of PGF (NT/E-17b and E-17bP/E-17b) were TAI 28 h later without estrus detection, i.e. 52 h after PGF. Heifers in the other two groups received 100 mg GnRH, i.m. 72 h after PGF and were concurrently TAI; heifers in these two groups that were detected in estrus prior to this time were inseminated 4-12 h later and considered nonpregnant to TAI. Estrus rate during the first 72 h after the second PGF treatment was higher (P < 0:05) in the E-17bP/GnRH group (45.0%; n ¼ 100) than in the NT/GnRH group (16.0%; n ¼ 100), but conception rate following estrus detection and AI was not different (mean, 57.4%; P ¼ 0:50). Overall pregnancy rate was not significantly different among groups (mean, 46.9%; P ¼ 0:32). In summary, the use of EB or E-17b to synchronize follicular wave emergence and estradiol or GnRH to synchronize ovulation in a two-dose, PGF-based protocol resulted in acceptable fertility to TAI. However, when 2 mg EB was used to synchronize follicular wave emergence, early estrus occurred in approximately 28% of heifers, necessitating additional estrus detection. A combination of estrus detection and timed-AI in a two-dose PGF protocol resulted in highly acceptable pregnancy rates. #
Journal of Animal Science, 2003
Our objectives were to develop a treatment applied to cattle of unknown pregnancy status that would synchronize the repeat estrus of nonpregnant females. In Exp. 1, previously inseminated dairy and beef heifers were assigned randomly to three treatments at 13 d after AI: 1) no further treatment (controls; n = 44); 2) 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) was given i.m. on d 13 and 20 at the time of insertion and removal of a used intravaginal P4releasing insert (CIDR-B; P4+ECP; n=44); and 3) same as P4+ECP without the injections of ECP (P4; n = 42). The P4+ECP (>90%) and P4 (>75%) protocols effectively synchronized repeat periods of estrus to 2 d and did not harm established pregnancies, but tended to reduce conception rates of heifers inseminated after CIDR removal. In Exp. 2, treatments were similar to those in Exp. 1 were applied to previously inseminated beef heifers in which feeding 0.5 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA) replaced the CIDR as a source of progestin and it was fed on d 13 through 19 after AI. Reinsemination rates exceeded 86% in all treatments but conception at the resynchronized estrus was reduced (P<0.05) to 61 to 71% of controls. In Exp. 3, previously inseminated lactating beef cows at four locations were assigned within herd to three threatments according to days postpartum, parity, breed, (primiparous vs. multiparous), and previous synchronization treatment used before their initial AI: 1) no further treatment (control; n = 307); 2) as in Exp. 1, but P4 + 1 mg of estradiol benzoate on d 13 and 20 (P4+EB; n = 54); and 3) as in Exp. 1, P4+ECP (n=148). At two locations, insertion of the used CIDRs and first estradiol (EB or ECP) injections occurred on d 11 after timed AI (TAI) and CIDR removal and second estradiol injections on d 18. Treatments with P4 +ECP did not reduce pregnancy rates in pregnant cows at any location, but increased (P<0.05) the 20-to 23-d return rate from 29% in controls, to 86% in P4+EB, and 65% in P4+ECP cows. Conception rates were not reduced when treatments occurred between d 13 and 20. Overall 23-d pregnancy rates after two inseminations and embryo survival between d 29-33 and 54-61 of pregnancy did not differ among treatments. In Exp. 4, lactating beef cows were assigned as in Exp. 3 to three treatments: 1) no further treatment(controls; n = 51); 2) P4 +ECP (n = 47); and 3) a single injection of ECP on d 13 (n = 48). Although established pregnancies were not harmed, return rates of nonpregnant cows were not different among treatments and the single injection of ECP caused more than 30% of the returns to occur after 8 d and more than 60% on 11 to 12 d after ECP injection. In both heifers and lactating beef cows, the resynchronization treatments increased synchronized return rates in cases where estrus-detection rates were poor, seemed to have no negative effects on established pregnancies, but seemed to reduce conception rates in heifers but not cows at the resynchronized estrus.
Reproduction, 1998
The aim of the present study was to develop a treatment protocol for the precise synchronization of oestrus that would avoid the development of persistent dominant ovarian follicles. Bos indicus heifers, in which oestrous cycles had been presynchronized, were allocated randomly, according to the day of their oestrous cycle, to one of five treatment groups. All heifers received a subcutaneous ear implant containing 3 mg of norgestomet for 17 days starting on day 0 and an injection of an analogue of prostaglandin F2\ g=a\ on days 0 and 4. Heifers in group 1 (control group; n = 7) received no other treatment, while heifers in groups 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 7), 4(n = 7), and 5 (n= 7) received a single progesterone-releasing controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) for 24 h on days 10, 12, 14 and 16, respectively. Treatment with a single CIDR delayed the mean time of ovulation and the day of emergence of the ovulatory follicle in heifers treated on days 14 and 16 compared with control heifers (P<0.05). There was less variation in the interval to ovulation in heifers treated on day 10 compared with other treated heifers (P < 0.05). The variation among heifers in the day of emergence of the ovulatory follicle and the age of the ovulatory follicle at ovulation was less for all groups treated with a CIDR than for the control group (P<0.05). The duration of dominance and variation in the duration of dominance of the ovulatory follicle was less in heifers treated with a CIDR device on days 10 and 16 than for control heifers (P < 0.05). Mean age (days from emergence to ovulation) of the ovulatory follicle did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.05). Concentrations of LH and oestradiol decreased coincident with increased concentrations of progesterone on the days of CIDR treatment in treated compared with control heifers (P < 0.02) but increased again after removal of the CIDR. A smaller proportion of follicles in the growing phase of follicular development at the time of CIDR treatment become atretic compared with follicles that had reached a plateau phase of follicular growth (14.3% (1/7) versus 90.5% (19/21), respectively; P < 0.001). It was concluded that acute treatment with progesterone can influence the growth pattern of ovarian follicular development. However, the effect varies with the stage of ovarian follicular development. Short term treatment with progesterone 7 days before the end of a 17 day period of norgestomet treatment resulted in precise synchrony of ovulation without the ovulation of a persistent dominant ovarian follicle.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2008
A total of 130 animals (82 cattle, 48 buffaloes) with histories of anestrous 60-90 days post-partum and belonging to different agroclimatic zones of Punjab were subjected to rectal palpation and blood samplings at least three times at weekly intervals. The body condition score (BCS) of each animal was also recorded. The animals were divided into two groups; viz., true anestrous (Gp-I) and subestrus (Gp-II) through rectal palpation of ovaries and plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations. Furthermore, the Gp I and II animals were divided into treatment (Gp Ia, 40 cattle and 16 buffaloes; Gp IIa, 12 cattle and 14 buffaloes) and control groups (Gp Ib, 20 cattle and 8 buffaloes; Gp IIb, 10 cattle and 10 buffaloes). True anestrous animals (Gp Ia) were treated with 3 injections of hydroxyprogesterone caproate (750 mg, i.m.) at 72-hr intervals followed by injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 750 I.U., i.m.) 72 hr after the last progesterone injection. The animals were bred at the first estrus after the induced one. The first service conception rate (FSCR), overall conception rate (OCR), services per conception and pregnancy rate of the true anestrous treated cattle (Gp Ia) were 44.4%, 48.0%, 2.08 and 60.0%, respectively. In the true anestrous control cattle (Gp Ib), only five that were observed to be in estrus failed to conceive. In the anestrous treated buffaloes (Gp Ia), the FSCR, OCR, services per conception and pregnancy rate were 50.0%, 62.5%, 1.6 and 62.5%, respectively. No buffalo amongst true anestrous control (Gp Ib) showed estrus. The subestrus animals (Gp IIa) were administered Prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ; 25 mg Dinoprost, i.m.) and bred at induced estrus. Amongst the Gp IIa animals, all cattle (100%) and twelve buffaloes (85.7%) responded to treatment. Of these animals, the FSCR and pregnancy rate at induced estrus in the cattle were 50.0% each, whereas they were 66.6% and 57.1%, respectively, in the buffaloes. The subestrus control animals (Gp IIb) remained infertile. In summary, the plasma P 4 profile can be used to differentiate true anestrous and subestrus animals and thus to determine a hormonal therapy. Furthermore, fertile estrus can be induced with hormonal therapy in anestrous and subestrus bovines.