Strong thermoplastic elastomers created using nickel nanopowder (original) (raw)

NICKEL-CATALYSED (CO)POLYOLEFINS AS THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS

Nanostructured and Functional Polymer-based Materials and Nanocomposites

By choosing suitable polymerisation conditions, semicrystalline polyolefins were prepared by using nickel-diimine catalysts. These polymers were characterised by DSC, SEC, WAXS and preliminary stress-strain studies. The results show considerable decrease in melting temperature and crystallinity when compared to standard HDPE or LDPE samples. This non-rigid structure is responsible for the elastomeric properties of these materials. It was possible to show that semicrystalline block copolymers can have extension at break values up to 950%.

The Research and Development of Thermoplastic Elastomers

SVOA Materials Science and Technology, 2020

In this article, the types, market overview, industrialization progress, and the latest research and development directions of chemically synthesized and blended thermoplastic elastomers were reviewed. Several new types of thermoplastic elas-tomers with market application prospects were introduced, such as silicone TPE, polyolefin TPE, bio-based TPE, degrada-ble TPE. Their performance and market development were discussed, and the application field and industrialization direction were reviewed and prospected. China's industrialized production of TPE began in the 1990s and China has been the world's largest TPE consumer after more than 20 years of rapid development.

Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers

Elastomers, 2017

The use of fillers in order to enhance the properties of polymers has been already well documented. Fundamentally, traditional fillers were applied to reduce the cost of the final polymeric products. Moreover, most micron-sized fillers required high loading for slight properties enhancement, thus causing problems in processing and melt flow due to the high viscosity of the obtained composite. Nanofillers might constitute the answer to the requirements made to the modern polymer materials. Nanofillers in the range of 3-5 wt% achieve the same reinforcement as 20-30 wt% of micron-sized fillers. Therefore, this study presents the influence of three different types of nanofillers that differ in shape (aspect ratio) on the morphology, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability of polyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) matrix, by means of poly(trimethylene)-blockpoly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymer (PTT-PTMO). The morphology in this copolymer consisted of semicrystalline PTT domains dispersed in the soft phase of amorphous, noncrystallisable PTMO. The PTT-PTMO copolymer has been combined with 0.5 wt% of 1D (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibers), 2D (graphene oxide (GO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)), and 3D (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)) through in situ synthesis to obtain nanocomposites (NCs) samples.

On the magnetic, mechanical and rheological properties of rubber–nickel nanocomposites

Polymer Bulletin, 2010

Rubber-nickel nanocomposites were synthesized by incorporating freshly prepared nanometric nickel particles in two different matrices namely natural rubber and neoprene rubber according to specific recipes for various loadings of nano nickel and the cure characteristics of these composites were evaluated. The maximum torque values register an increase with the increase in loading of nickel in both composites and this is attributed to the non-interacting nature of nickel nanoparticles with rubber matrices. The cure time of natural rubber composites decreases with increase in the content of nickel, and in neoprene rubber cure, time increases with increase in filler content. In natural rubber, the curing reaction seems to be activated by the presence of nickel particles. The magnetization studies of the composites reveal that the magnetic properties of nickel are retained in the composite samples. The elastic modulus of natural rubber and neoprene rubber are largely improved by the incorporation of nickel particles.

Effect of silica-based nanofillers on the properties of a low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer based thermoplastic elastomer

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008

The effect of pristine silica nanoparticles on a model low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) thermoplastic elastomer blend system is explored in this article. Pristine silica nanoparticles were melt-blended with the LDPE-EVA system at 1.5, 3, and 5 wt % loadings through the variation of the sequence of addition. In one of the compositions, coupling agent bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (Si-69) was used to improve the interaction of hydrophilic silica fillers with the polymer matrix. The blends were compressionmolded, and their mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties, X-ray diffraction patterns, and morphology were evaluated. The properties of the blends were found to be strong functions of the sequence of addition of nanofillers during their preparation. With Si-69 as a coupling agent, the dynamic storage modulus of nanosilica-based composites was found to increase up to 35%. An appreciable improvement in the tension set properties of the thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites was observed in all the nanosilica-based films. Morphological studies and dynamic properties clearly indicated that the differential properties of these blend systems primarily stemmed from the extent of dispersion and alternation of crystalline morphology, which in turn was a strong function of preferential incorporation in the LDPE or EVA matrix and the agglomeration tendency of the nanofillers. V

Significant Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer by Polymer Blending and Nanoinclusion

Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016

Thermoplastic elastomer composites and nanocomposites were fabricated via melt processing technique by blending thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) thermoplastic and also by adding small amount of organo modified nanoclay and/or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). We study the effect of polymer blending on the mechanical and thermal properties of TPEE blends with and without nanoparticle additions. Significant improvement was observed by blending only TPEE and virgin PBT polymers. With a small amount (0.5 wt.%) of nanoclay or PTFE particles added to the TPEE composite, there was further improvement in both the mechanical and thermal properties. To study mechanical properties, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), tensile strength (TS), and tensile elongation (TE) were all investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyze the thermal properties, including the heat distortion temperat...

Elastomer/thermoplastic modified epoxy nanocomposites: The hybrid effect of ‘micro’ and ‘nano’ scale

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2017

The approach of simultaneously exploit the use of microscale elastomers/thermoplastics and nanoscale fillers for the modification of epoxy systems is presently an active research topic. Such hybrid modification of epoxy primarily helps to tailor multiple mechanical properties, without compromising other required properties. The current review reports about the development and properties of multicomponent epoxy systems modified with both elastomers/thermoplastics and nanofillers, on the basis of an updated literature survey. For a better understanding and comparison, the review initially provides a short discussion on key findings in binary blends of epoxy and elastomers/thermoplastic and binary epoxy nanocomposites. Successful studies dealing with multicomponent epoxy systems are also reported, where it is demonstrated that microscale modification individually, sometimes synergistically, enhances the fracture toughness of epoxy without affecting the properties optimized by nanoscale modification. The mutual role of microscale elastomer/thermoplastic and nanoscale filler on morphology, cure reaction, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy multicomponent system is discussed. The complex interaction between the micro-and nano-phases determines phase separated morphologies in the multicomponent system, essentially related to the function of microscale modifiers in dispersion/intercalation/distribution of nanofillers and to the role of nanofillers in phase separation kinetics and mechanisms. The specific effect of nanofillers in phase separation mechanisms for epoxy blends, that place via nucleation and growth (NG) and spinodal decomposition, is analysed looking at the final morphology and hence performance of multicomponent system. Moreover, the fracture mechanism that operates in such multicomponent epoxy systems is discussed. Abbreviations: ABS, poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene); ATBN, amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile); BCPs, block copolymers; BF3.EA, boron trifluoride monoethylamine; CFRP, carbon-fibre reinforced-plastic; CNF, carbon nanofibers; CNT, carbon nanotubes; CRGO, chemically reduced graphene oxide; CRBN, carboxyl-randomized liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber; CSR, core-shell rubbers; CTBN, carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile); CTPB, carboxylterminated polybutadiene; DDA, Dicyanodiamide; DDM, 4, 4 0-diaminodiphenylmethane; DDS, 4, 4 0-diaminodiphenyl sulfone; Epoxy/SiC/CTBN_M2, Epoxy hybrid by mixing CTBN in sonicated epoxy/SiC mixture; Epoxy/SiC/CTBN_M1, Epoxy hybrid by sonicating SiC nanofibers in epoxy/CTBN mixture; fCNT, N-octyl-functionalized CNT; ETBN, epoxy terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile); FRP, fibre reinforced-plastic; GFRP, glass fibre reinforced plastic; GO, graphene oxide; GnP, graphene nanoplatelets; HBPs, hyperbranched polymers; HLNR, hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber; HNT, halloysite nanotube; HPEEK, hydroxylated poly (ether ether ketone); HPMM, high pressure mixing method; HTBN, hydroxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile); HTPB, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene; MA, maleic anhydride; MBS, methacrylated butadiene-styrene copolymer; M-NCDSUs, micro-nano constrained damping structure units; MMT, montmorillonite organoclays; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes; MWCNT-COOHs, carboxylic acid functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes; MWCNT-NH2s, amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes; PA, polyamides