1. Language-Games and Artistic Styles (original) (raw)
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On Wittgenstein's 'One of the Most Fundamental Language Games'
The meaning of utterances may be understood as Wittgenstein’s language games of “showing or telling what one sees”, which Wittgenstein held to be “one of the most fundamental language games”. I argue that they provide motivation for the use of games in relation to logic and semantics that some commentators have called for. An implication is that the notions of saying and showing converge in his late philosophy.
LANGUAGE GAME: LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
The term „language game‟ was first used in linguistic philosophy at 20th century. Wittgenstein‟s theory of language game gives outstanding contribution to the analytical philosophy. He describes mainly Seventy three (73) examples of language games in his Brown book (1938). Every language game described predicted situation. Further analysis of language game elaborated in his two main work- “Philosophical Investigation” and “On Certainty”. According to him, language is a kind of game, which we play through language. Through language we can describe the picture of the world, which is elaborated in his „Tractatus‟, but later in his Philosophical Investigation, he tried to analyse „language has no singles essence‟. Language is a kind of game, and words or sentences are the tools of language. In Philosophical Investigation, he rejected three assumptions, i.e. language is used for presenting of facts in one purpose; through picturing the sentence acquires meaning in one way; in logical calculus that language has a clear and distinct structure. The major objective of this paper is to interpret the Wittgenstein‟s view of „Language game‟.
2005
The purpose of this study is to present the metaphysical status of "language game" in later Wittgensteinian philosophy of language and to deal with the revolutionary role of "language-game" by means of Hintikka's interpretation of later Wittgenstein. It is usual to divide Wittgenstein's work into the early and the later period. The early period is based upon the picture theory of meaning, according to which a sentence represents a state of affairs. On the other hand, the later period gives special emphasis on the actions of people and the role their linguistic activities. The early period ignored factual or cognitive meaning since it relied on mirroring the structure of state of affairs by sentences. So, early period v of Wittgenstein was concluded that "whereof we can't speak, thereof we must be silent." This idea gives clues about metaphysics of early Wittgenstein. In this sense, language is treated in abstraction from activities of human beings. In the later work, Wittgenstein emphasizes everyday usage of language in "language-game" as social activities of ordering, advising, measuring, and counting and so on. These different "language-games" make up "form of life". "Language game" with other vital notions of later Wittgenstein, as "form of life", "agreement" establishes language matrix. So, later period of Wittgenstein is a rejection of his early period. Actually, his treatment of philosophy and philosopher is different from his early period. In addition to this, later Wittgenstein mainly focuses on the principle of "meaning=use" which is called contextual theory of meaning. In his later period, Wittgenstein aims to bring back words from metaphysics to everyday usage. On the other hand, metaphysics still plays a role in his later period as his early period, although he altered his early philosophy of language. To sum up, the notion of "language-game" is conceptually/ ontologically prior to its rules. In this sense, Wittgenstein forms "language-game" as a model for the other social activities of human beings. Furthermore, "language-game" is regarded as a bridge between language and reality and it shows "language-game" s revolutionary role in later Wittgenstein.
Wittgenstein‟s Concept of Language Game: The Case of A Manipuri Play
The aim of this presentation is to examine Moirangthem Inao‟s (Manipuri) drama in the framework of Wittgenstein‟s Philosophical Investigations. The extension of the game theory from applied mathematics to language provides an alternative way of analyzing the flexible, subtle and multiform nature which is found in drama. Wittgensteinian nature of Art and Language is similar to that of the nature of game. This nature of game constitutes a „form of life‟ (Lebensform) and is also practiced in human ways of living and acting. Every character in a drama takes a position as in a game and tries to score a point at the cost of others. The data for this work will be provided by one of Inao‟s play “Nongallabasu Thaballei Manam” (The lingering fragrance).
The Method of Language-games as a Method of Logic
This paper develops an account of Wittgenstein’s method of language-games as a method of logic that exhibits both continuities and discontinuities with Russell’s and the Tractatus’ conceptions of logic as the method of philosophy. More specifically, the method of language-games is intended to extend logic beyond the limitations of calculus-based methods, while also avoiding certain other problems with Russell’s and Wittgenstein’s early approach. In this capacity the method constitutes a further developed and improved logical-philosophical tool for employment in the context of a broadly Russellian project of philosophy as logical clarification.
Analogy of the Game as a Response to the Problem of Language a Thesis
Journal of Philosophy/International Academic Forum, 2018
This study which utilized the critical analysis, analyzed Wittgenstein’s concept of language-game and its implications in philosophical discipline and contemporary society. Our main question is: How does the analogy of the game respond to the problems of language? To guide the researcher, the following specific problems were formulated: 1. What is the personal and professional background of Ludwig Wittgenstein? 2. What is the origin of the problems of language? 3. What are the problems of language? 4. What is Wittgenstein concept of language-game? 5. How does concept of language-game become a key to clear up conceptual linguistic confusion and misunderstanding? 6. Is the clarification of language-use an end to man’s philosophical project? 7. What are the implications of the concept of language-game in contemporary society? To delineate the origin of the problem of language in terms of epistemological dimension, the researcher analyzed the related concepts on classical philosophy. To determine the origin of the concept of language-game, the researcher used the historical method. To constructively criticize the end-goal of language-game, the hermeneutical approach of Hans Georg Gadamer was employed. From the findings and with the aid of the above-mentioned methods, the researcher had come up with these conclusions. Language is inalienable in the sociological nature of man. Man is always related or connected to the other. In this sense, man shares his very subjectivity with the other. Unless he realizes this, he cannot actualize the essential part of his nature. In every aspect of man’s life, it is imperative for him to negotiate, communicate, and collaborate with the members of his household and society. Wittgenstein is the one of the philosophers who gave deeper commitment and emphasis on the concerns of language in man’s life. Mastering our use of language is not just for the sake of conventional understanding, but, more importantly, we use it in its proper context in order to express our thoughts clearly and in the process to understand ourselves. It is because, as we speak or write using language as medium of communication, we are projecting ourselves to the other. If we come up with the c common understanding, then we will be able to create a harmonious society. This study provided the readers with a better understanding of the importance of proper use of words or terminologies in their proper context. It is because this research delved on the conceptual and analytical mechanisms of using language in order to give a systematic pattern of corrective thinking and application for word’s use. Aside from affirming the importance of language in connection with our contemporary activities, this research looked into a deeper realization on the workings of language. This realization originated from Wittgensteinian context of understanding. As affirmation for Wittgenstein, it is appropriate to say that to understand a word in its proper context is to understand the sentence. To understand a sentence is to understand a language. To understand a language means to be master of technique. This signifies that understanding is to know how to do something; in the case of language, understanding language means knowing how to use it. The researcher realized that understanding the meaning of a word is not something private to the mental life of an individual, but something which exist out in the open, in the public domain. This means that understanding the meaning is objectively understandable by people. However, the researcher did not agree with Wittgenstein’s view that philosophy should stop once we clear the way of understanding how our language works. Instead, the researcher adheres to the fact that philosophy as enterprise is an undying process in search for truth. vi For the researcher, we do not stop philosophizing because our imaginations continue to desire progress in terms of creativity. Thus, he affirmed Gadamer in claiming that we should not hinder our philosophical endeavors by breaking it. Even if we can clear the confusions and misunderstanding of language, still our active minds cling to what is new in the field of learning things. This research led to the formulation of other theories which can be useful tool in understanding the complexities with regards to ourselves and our society as a whole. Henceforth, all the laborious efforts of this research and the regimented time invested in the writing of this work are meaningfully compensated.
A study on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of language games and the private language argument
Sabaragamuwa University Journal, 2014
The intent of this paper is to examine at what Wittgenstein's says about language as a use in the term of language games and the private language argument. The major argument of Wittgenstein on the language is the rules of the use of ordinary language is neither right nor wrong, neither true nor false, the language is merely useful for the particular applications in which they are applied. On Wittgenstein's view, Language is defined not as a system of representation but as a system of devices for engaging in various sorts of social activity, hence 'the meaning of the word is its use in the language'. Wittgenstein gave us considerable help in understanding what he means by 'the meaning of the words is its use in the language' in the term of Language Games and the Private Language Argument. There are various misunderstandings of Wittgenstein's philosophical ideas by professionals and ordinary readers. They have stemmed largely from a failure to grasp, or come to terms with this aspect of his thought. Thus the major objective of this study is to examine comprehensively what Wittgenstein says about the concept of Language game and the private language argument. The study is based on empirical research methodology. Primary data will be collected by used empirical experiments. Secondary data will be collected by published documents. Intoduction Austrain British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is generally considered to be one of the greatest philosophers in the 20 th century. He played a central role in the 20 th century analytic philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention, ethic and religion, aesthetic and culture. By his own philosophical work and thought his influence on several generations of other thinkers, Wittgenstein transformed the nature of philosophical activity in the English speaking world. The Wittgenstein family was large and wealthy. His home attracted people of culture, especially musicians and music remained important to Wittgenstein
Language Games: A Semiotic Analysis
Semiotics 2007, 2009
This paper will examine selectively the phenomenon of language games. In particular, it will address: (1) A definition and description; (2) an overview of the general types of games with a focus on their most common formats; (3) the pedagogical manifestations of language games; (4) the literary presentations of language games; and (5) the semiotic dimensions of this Iinguistic behavior.