Determinants of Fertility Stall in India: A State Level Analysis, 1992-93 to 2019-21 (original) (raw)
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The Determinants of Household Level Fertility in India
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013
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Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, 2010
Demographic interest in the explanations of the first fertility transition has receded considerably during the last decade. Despite the empirical evidence of global convergence in fertility, there is still no consensus on the factors which explain the swiftness of the change in some contexts and its deceleration in some others. From the policy perspective, it remains pivotal to locate the factors that affect the momentum of fertility transition. In this essay the fast decline to below replacement-level period Total Fertility Rate in South India will be examined as an example of fertility transition despite slow social and/or economic development. The analysis is based on a literature review of empirical studies on the determinants of regional fertility differentials in India. Some southern states, most particularly Andhra Pradesh, manifest below replacement-level fertility (TFR 1.79) despite low average age at marriage even in Indian terms, the resilience of womens universal marriag...
Invited Paper The Determinants of Household Level Fertility in India
PRAGATI : Journal of Indian Economy, 2014
Using NSS data for 1993-94 and 2004-05 this paper highlights the impact of growing incomes, social and household decisions of households, and regional and ethnic factors on patterns of household level fertility in India. These have helped determine the composition of India’s young (aged 9 to 34) today. Demographic transition is well underway in India with rising incomes associated with fewer children and smaller family size. Households with more women in the age group 26-35 have more children, are more likely to have children than not having them as well as having larger family size. Average education of females lowers household size whereas (instrumented) shares of expenditure on education and health have varying effects. Muslim households have more children and are more likely to have larger family sizes. Households in BIMARU states have more children as do urban households. Thus demographic transition has occurred unevenly across various groups in India.
PLOS ONE
Objectives The transition to small family size is at an advanced phase in India, with a national TFR of 2.2 in 2015–16. This paper examines the roles of four key determinants of fertility—marriage, contraception, abortion and postpartum infecundability—for India, all 29 states and population subgroups. Methods Data from the most recent available national survey, the National Family Health Survey, conducted in 2015–16, were used. The Bongaarts proximate determinants model was used to quantify the roles of the four key factors that largely determine fertility. Methodological contributions of this analysis are: adaptations of the model to the Indian context; measurement of the role of abortion; and provision of estimates for sub-groups nationally and by state: age, education, residence, wealth status and caste. Results Nationally, marriage is the most important determinant of the reduction in fertility from the biological maximum, contributing 36%, followed by contraception and abortio...
Spatial Pattern of Poverty Reduction and Fertility Transition in India
2011
Using data from the National Family and Health Survey, 1992-93 and 2005-06, this paper examines the linkages of poverty reduction and fertility change in Indian states. The official cutoff point of poverty is applied to the composite wealth index (based on economic proxies) in defining the poor. Fertility changes are measured with respect to changes in total fertility rate (TFR) and fertility preferences indicators. Results indicate that the level of fertility has declined both among the poor and non-poor in most of the states but in varying degrees. While the contribution of the poor to the decline in fertility was about 10 percent in the country, it was maximum in the states like Chhattisgarh (44 percent) followed by Madhya Pradesh (29 percent). The states of Bihar and Jharkhand showed little decline in the fertility level, though poverty had reduced substantially in these states. The decline in fertility level and preferences are largely reflected in contraceptive use and less in increase in age at marriage. The poor and non-poor differential in contraceptive use has narrowed down in many of the states. The study concludes that the association of decline in poverty and fertility is weak and the effect of space (region) is large in relation to the change in contraceptive use.