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An Introduction to Biotechnology
Basic and Applied Aspects of Biotechnology, 2016
Biotechnology is multidisciplinary fi eld which has major impact on our lives. The technology is known since years which involves working with cells or cell-derived molecules for various applications. It has wide range of uses and is termed "technology of hope" which impact human health, well being of other life forms and our environment. It has revolutionized diagnostics and therapeutics; however, the major challenges to the human beings have been threats posed by deadly virus infections as avian fl u, Chikungunya, Ebola, Infl uenza A, SARS, West Nile, and the latest Zika virus. Personalized medicine is increasingly recognized in healthcare system. In this chapter, the readers would understand the applications of biotechnology in human health care system. It has also impacted the environment which is loaded by toxic compounds due to human industrialization and urbanization. Bioremediation process utilizes use of natural or recombinant organisms for the cleanup of environmental toxic pollutants. The development of insect and pest resistant crops and herbicide tolerant crops has greatly reduced the environmental load of toxic insecticides and pesticides. The increase in crop productivity for solving world food and feed problem is addressed in agricultural biotechnology. The technological advancements have focused on development of alternate, renewable, and sustainable energy sources for production of biofuels. Marine biotechnology explores the products which can be obtained from aquatic organisms. As with every research area, the fi eld of biotechnology is associated with many ethical issues and unseen fears. These are important in defi ning laws governing the feasibility and approval for the conduct of particular research.
Biotechnology is a technology that utilizes biological systems or living organisms to develop products. It is basically applied biology that forms the interface between biology and engineering. It is the one of the most rapidly growing field of technology today. Biotechnology pervades almost all aspects of our daily life; it affects the foods we eat, the safety of the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the medications we take, etc. This paper provides a primal introduction to biotechnology.
Biotechnology: A tool for the improvement of human life
Increase in human population has given a big challenge to science to combat with food and health enhancement. With the initiation of biotechnological science a new world of science has opened the doors to overcome these challenges. Utilization of biological systems to design beneficial technologies for human welfare comes under the umbrella of biotechnology. The discipline of biotechnology has now many allied fields. New inventions in the life sciences in past few years have come through biotechnology. That is the reason biotechnology is the today’s science in which happenings are occurring. Whether there is new invention of vaccine, whether we have to make new crop varieties, improve livestock, poultry meat and feed and milk quality and even in war industry biotechnology is playing its important role. It is well proofed that biotechnology has no limits. If it comes to GM crops, biotech crops are unstoppable in yield outcome. The basic aim of this review paper is to through light on latest happenings in biotechnology and to aware the research scientists about its significance in every field of science. All the biotechnology industry with its allied applications is considered in this review paper.
2018
Biotechnology includes the use of technological processes to manipulate living organisms for the benefit of humans. Specific procedures have been devised to improve the diagnosis, treatment or medications used in healthcare. The use of biotechnological procedures has not only advanced treatment options but also made diagnosis more accurate, quick and cheaper. DNA recombinant technology, ELISA, Polymerase Chain Reaction, gel electrophoresis etc are some of the main techniques which have helped medical sciences. Options like Gene therapy, ELISA for AIDS diagnosis, vaccines, hormone synthesis, specific nutrient enrichment in crop plants etc. have evolved which have helped humankind.
BIOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITIONS, TYPES AND MAIN APPLICATIONS
BIOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITIONS, TYPES AND MAIN APPLICATIONS, 2023
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes living organisms or their components to develop products and processes that benefit human society. It draws on a range of scientific disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and engineering, and has made significant strides in recent years. Biotechnology has had a significant impact on various aspects of our lives, such as healthcare, agriculture, industry, and the environment. Its contribution to the development of new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tests has been invaluable, while its role in increasing crop yields and improving nutritional content has enhanced food security. Moreover, biotechnology has enabled the production of sustainable and environmentally friendly products and materials. Biotechnology is a technology of hope, with the potential to improve human health, raise living standards, and protect our planet. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of biotechnology, including its definitions, types, and main applications. The paper will explore the fundamental principles of biotechnology and the various subfields it encompasses. It will also provide an in-depth analysis of the most significant applications of biotechnology in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and the environment. Ultimately, the paper seeks to increase awareness and understanding of biotechnology and its impact on society, while also highlighting potential areas for future research and development.
A review article Biotechnology Applications in Medicine
Today, medical science uses biotechnology to determine the most radical manifestations of the disease. With the discovery of the complete sequence of the human genome in 2001, biotechnologists are going to find genes in different traits and defects. Many genes that cause the development of diseases have been identified so far including Cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, mental disease. Highly selective and effective medications (tailormade) to cope with disease are provided by detection of individual genes and their derived proteins. however future of the biotechnology is clear and it will surely see important strides that will be used for study and product development. INTRODCTION Many people consider "biotechnology" as a new term. But it is not true. The term itself is largely believed to have been coined in Karl Ereky book in 1919 for the first time. But in the same years, Dr. Chaim Wiezman, University of Manchester, managed to develop industrial process for the mass production of acetone by fermentation. Definition of this process is completely consistent with Erkey biotechnology definition. Biotechnology is application of scientific and technical methods in the transformation of some substances through biological agents (microorganisms, plant and animal cells and enzymes) to be used in in agriculture, food production and medicine industries(;F Mahbodi20001 ; Sharifi,2009). Modern biotechnology allows to achieve the technology needed to fight rare and disabling diseases, reduce environmental impacts, obtain a cleaner and safer energy use and more efficient manufacturing processes Currently, there are more than 250 products that are produced by biotechnological methods. These methods are useful in health care services to prevent and treat rare diseases (history of biotechnology ,). Biotechnology is rooted in history and its development has been started many years ago up to the present time. According to time classification, three periods of technology development (Glick B.R;J.J. Pasternak,1994). Historical period of biotechnology development in which human by his consciousness used biological processes to produce fermentation products such as bread, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, pickles, vinegar, etc. Sumerians and Babylonians used the for wine making six thousand years before Christ birth(6000BC). Four thousand years ago Egyptians baked bread using yeast and ferment. In this period, basic and simple biotechnology processes specially fermentation was used by humans. Biotechnology development in first period of present century in which human by his consciousness used techniques for fermentation and cultivation of microorganisms in the appropriate environments. Subsequently, human used fermentors in the production of antibiotics, enzymes, nutrient components, organic chemicals and other materials led to the development of this science. In this period, this science was called industrial microbiology. Now the trend has continued in the process of human life. Modern biotechnology period of development in which genetic science is used to make changes in human life. Currently, modern biotechnology is developing with time and date. This time period began since 1976 with the transfer of genes from one microorganism to another microorganism. Up until that time, scientists were using natural and inherent properties of microorganisms in the biotechnological processes. However biological scientists could modify and alter the properties of microorganisms. They created microorganisms with entirely new characteristics to produce new compounds with much higher levels of efficiency (F Mahbodi,2002; Emtiazi G,2011). A real correct understanding of biotechnology developments can be obtained by a quick look at the turning points of biotechnology development history. Traditional biotechnology origin
It is about the history,importance and disadvantages of biotechnology. Moreover,this article is about the effect of biotechnology on the life of human beings, in past as well as in present.