On Rational Beliefs in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: A Theoretical Perspective (original) (raw)
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The nature of irrational and rational beliefs: Progress in rational emotive behavior theory
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 1996
This paper discusses some limitations of Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. It is suggested that the present definition of irrational and rational beliefs is inadequate. The present theory is unclear whether irrational beliefs are exaggerated negative evaluations or empirical distortions of reality. It is proposed that irrational beliefs are core schemes, and that the Concept of schema replace the present definition of beliefs. Ellis's position that demandingness is at the center of irrational thinking and emotional disturbance is examined. Research has failed to support this theory. It is proposed that demandingness and self-downing may be separate types of core irrational schemes. Research strategies are suggested that could test Ellis's position on the centrality of demandingness and on the nature of irrational beliefs in general.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Origins, Constructs, and Applications
1998
In 1956, Dr. Albert Ellis presented his seminal work on Rational Therapy, subsequently renamed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in 1993. This paper explores the origins, theoretical foundations, applications, and implications of REBT and provides a look at the empirical research available in support of the approach's efficacy. REBT is widely recognized as an effective approach to therapy. Many researchers have written on the usage of REBT, including Ellis himself who has authored over 700 articles and manuscripts relating to REBT. REBT is one of the cognitive-behavioral approaches to psychotherapy, in that it pays particular attention to the role that cognition and behavior play in the development and maintenance of people's emotional problems. Although REBT uses social learning theory and holds that external events and environmental influences significantly affect humans and contribute to their emotional disturbances, it stresses biological tendencies and innate predispositions; a view not held in other cognitive theories. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy is presented as an effective approach for dealing with clients who have the ability and desire to make changes in their lives. The goal of REBT is not to rid people of their irrational beliefs, rather it is to minimize their emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors by acquiring a more realistic and workable philosophy of life. (Contains 31 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. r.
Rational emotive behavior therapy from a new perspective
Journal of Human Sciences, 2019
The aim of this study is to give a different dimension to the Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Approach. For this purpose, by using the induction method; Growth has been reached. By adding G to the ABCDEF process at the end of the study; a final dimension. Theory and applications of REBT relies on the A-B-C model. According to this model, A (Activating Event) is a phenomenon or the existence of an event or a person’s behavior. In other words, A is the activating event. According to the A-B-C model, C (emotive or behavioral consequence) is the individual’s emotive or behavioral reaction or consequence that follows it. A (the actual event) does not cause C. what plays the primary role in the formation of C is the persons belief about A, and that is B. A-B and C comes D (disputing). D is the questioning of irrational and dysfunctional beliefs. Although REBT makes use of some other cognitive, emotive, and behavioral components in order to help reduce irrational beliefs of cl...
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2020
This study tested the factor structure of the Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-2, a measure of Ellis' irrational and rational beliefs. The scale includes items that assess both irrationality and rationality. Within this framework, items reflect one of four irrational cognitive processes and their rational alternatives, including demandingness versus preferences, frustration intolerance versus tolerance, awfulizing versus realistic negative evaluations, and self-condemnation versus self-acceptance, and one of three content domains including affiliation, achievement, and comfort. The sample of 1500 consisted of college students, psychotherapy outpatients, and patients from a residential substance abuse program. We used the lavaan program with Diagonally Weighted Least Squares estimation procedures to test 11 different models. An 8-factor bifactor model had an excellent fit and appeared better than the other models using. This model had items load on one of the four irrational cognitive process factors of demandingness, awfulizing, frustration intolerance, or self-condemnation, or one of the rational cognitive process factors of non-demanding preferences, realistic negative evaluations, frustration tolerance, or self-acceptance. The second or bifactor solution had all items load on to one general factor. This model has eight factors that are designed to assess factors for the cognitive processes split into the irrational and rationality dimensions, and these results support the factor structure of the test and the theoretical structure of irrational and rational beliefs currently adopted in REBT. The implications for REBT practice were discussed as well as the future of assessment research in REBT.
A Psychometric Review of Measures of Irrational Beliefs: Implications for Psychotherapy
Journal of Rational-emotive & Cognitive-behavior Therapy, 2009
In this study, measures of irrational beliefs based on the principles of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) were reviewed and contrasted based on psychometric characteristics and quality of guidelines for interpretation. The use of measures of irrational beliefs is an important component of the assessment of presenting problems in psychotherapy and may inform clinical decision making. Additionally, these measures are a helpful way to identify change in irrational beliefs and to measure the effectiveness of specific interventions to facilitate such change. While there are a number of measures of beliefs, there is considerable variability in their psychometric properties and utility for assessment. The majority of the tests are not produced by a publishing company, nor do they provide test manuals. The reliability and validity evidence presented in the publications varies considerably as do the size and quality of standardization samples, which impacts upon the ability to draw normative conclusions. Analyses demonstrated that most measures of irrational beliefs do not provide the evidence needed to adequately address the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (Standards; American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA], National Council on Measurement in Education [NCME] 1999). Discussion of the implications of this review for the development of future measures of irrational thinking by researchers as well as recommendations in the test selection process for an REBT practitioner is offered.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Theory and Practice
2016
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a cognitive-behavioral approach to case conceptualization and treatment. It was created by Albert Ellis and is centered on the idea that our cognitions (more specifically, irrational thinking) are a major determinant of emotional and behavioral distress with all three variables operating in concert to create and maintain disturbance. REBT promotes the use of a range of cognitive, emotive, and behavioral tools to help assess, scrutinize, and change unhelpful processes. It has been found to be effective with a broad spectrum of presenting concerns and is taught and practiced internationally.
50 years of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017
Albert Ellis in the late 1950s, is one of the main pillars of cognitivebehavioral therapy. Existing reviews on REBT are overdue by 10 years or more. We aimed to summarize the effectiveness and efficacy of REBT since its beginnings and investigate the alleged mechanisms of change. Method: Systematic search identified 84 articles, out of which 68 provided data for between-group analyses and 39 for withingroup analyses. Results: We found a medium effect size of REBT compared to other interventions on outcomes (d = 0.58) and on irrational beliefs (d = 0.70), at posttest. For the within-group analyses, we obtained medium effects for both outcomes (d = 0.56) and irrational beliefs (d = 0.61). Several significant moderators emerged. Conclusion: REBT is a sound psychological intervention. Directions for future studies are outlined, stemming from the limitations of existing ones.
Slow progress in rational-emotive therapy outcome research: Etiology and treatment
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1989
It has been observed that outcome research has had limited impact on rationalemotive therapy (RET) theory and practice. This paper argues that slow progress in this area has resulted in part from ambiguities in the definition and measurement of RET interventions and of irrational beliefs. Also, advances in treatment outcome research methodology, such as calculation of the clinical significance of therapy effects, have not been incorporated. Finally, there has been little research on some important issues specific to RET, such as whether specialized RET is superior to other forms of cognitive behavior therapy for a particular type of patient, and whether forceful disputation of irrational beliefs is more effective than more subtle approaches to changing patients' ideas. A number of recommendations are offered to try to facilitate progress in RET outcome research and enhance its contribut ion to theory and practice.
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2009
This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on assessment and diagnostic issues in REBT. Contributions to the special issue include reviews of (a) the psychometric properties of irrational beliefs measures and (b) the potential utility for REBT research and practice of behavioral measures of distress tolerance; (c) a primary study of the diagnostic and functional significance of high trait anger, with implications for classification and REBT treatment of anger disorders; and (d) a closing commentary by John Malouff on themes raised in the earlier papers.
A Grounded Cognition Perspective on Irrational Beliefs in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
2010
Knowledge has been the subject of different controversial theories in psychology; recently the idea that knowledge is grounded in the modal systems of the brain has gained considerable evidence. This paper discusses applications of the grounded cognition theory to irrational beliefs, a main concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), proposed as core cognitive vulnerabilities for emotional disorders. Irrational beliefs, as grounded maladaptive emotional knowledge structures are considered the result of interactions between linguistic representations and simulations in motivational and emotional brain processing circuits. It is proposed that irrational beliefs (e.g., demandingness) are represented by distorted simulations in motivational and emotional brain processing circuits that bias the online processing of activating events. This biased emotional processing generates emotional disturbance. A three-level model of irrational beliefs is presented. The impact of irrational ...