Agenda 21 as a reference for the development of sustainable public policies in cities of Brazil (1999-2023) (original) (raw)
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Brazilian Urban Policy: Sustainability as a Driving Force
Encyclopedia, 2023
Defining global themes such as Urban Policy, Urban Sustainability, and even the Right to the City (RTTC) is fundamental to stimulating and establishing a continuous dialogue with the scientific community, mainly in the social sciences. Thus, understanding the dynamics around the scope of urban sustainability requires an analysis that is focused on multiple global realities. Taking a holistic view of Brazilian Urban Policy, this entry looks at the historical contexts that make urban sustainability the driving force behind this policy. In addition, an interdisciplinary consideration of urban sustainability is proposed using an analysis that is based on the connection between urban policies and social functions that reflect the idea of a sustainable city. The results of this analysis also point to the need for a continuous debate on the subject that primarily promotes new discoveries; this is so that the driving force of urban policy can gain new meanings and new guidelines can be implemented.
Challenges in Planning Urban Sustainability Policies in the City of São Paulo
Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional
The city of São Paulo in Brazil represents the most important urban center in South America due to its geospatial, demographic, and economic characteristics. The present study aimed to investigate in what way the city of São Paulo considers e acts to issues related to urban sustainability. To this end, a bibliographic review about urban sustainability was first carried out. In a second step, through qualitative and exploratory research, in-depth interviews were conducted with people who represented the views of the public and private sector, the academy, and civil society dealing with sustainable projects in São Paulo. Among the main results, it was possible to conclude that, despite the small advances that the city has managed to make in recent years, it cannot yet be considered sustainable. For this scenario to be more positive in the future, it is essential that the municipality acts on three fronts: urban planning, reduction of social inequality, and environmental education.
2012
This research is about urban planning and sustainability of cities through their spatial organization and municipal laws. It selects parameters of urban sustainability and evaluates if the municipal master plan of a medium-sized city, in Brazil, already reviewed after the City Statute approval, considered them, under the conception and implementation of its urban plan. After comparative study of master plan and the accomplishment of field survey, the research allows to assert that the implementation of sustainability parameters selected by work, qualify in a spatial and environmentally the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Key-words: Planning; Sustainability; Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
Brazil as a Model for Community-Oriented, Sustainable Urban Development
The sustainable development debate has been ongoing amongst global discussion circles for decades. Fears of the effects caused by increasing global population growth are becoming a reality, and are only recently being taken seriously. With mass movements from rural landscape to urban centers, the heavy carbon footprint is causing some to rethink our current development system. The numerous metropolitan regions of Brazil were faced with this predicament of capitalist expansion and population growth without the capabilities of adaption, nor accommodation. This created an immediate necessity for restructured development policies, and strategies which would acclimate to rising globalization in a sustainable manner. Due to its creative planning, Brazil is now seen as one of the leading countries in the world for participatory planning.1 This report will discuss how these policies remove duality within the same city, as well as combat against some of the globe’s environmental issues. The copying or publishing of this document is prohibited without the author's permission, and/or proper citations of the work. All rights reserved.
SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PROCESS OF URBAN PLANNING: CASE STUDY IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO
SASBE 2012 - 4th CIB International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Built Environments, 2012
The discussion about green building construction (sustainability) started at the end of the 20th century with the emergence of the first methodologies to assist projects with environmental quality. Europe and the United States launched their proposals considering aspects such as site selection, resource conservation, choice of materials and construction systems, user needs, and indoor air quality. A new challenge emerged when environmental quality requirements were added to the act of designing, since in order to achieve environmentally appropriate building solutions a comprehensive discussion of aspects related to architecture, structure, and building systems, among others, would be necessary. That is, a design definition could not occur in the absence of another, because it could result in prioritizing a certain aspect of building performance over another. Hence, it is necessary to consider integrated design as a way of producing sustainable buildings. However, it is clear that it is useless to design buildings considering sustainability requirements if city land use and/or expansion projects still do poorly in areas such as waste management and public transportation management, among others. In Brazil, the disconnect between the city and its buildings is evident. This is, in part, the result of the planning process in our cities-particularly Rio de Janeiro. The urban policies adopted further fragmented the performance of the Government, by focusing on different areas of the city and only approaching issues such as land use and building parameters. Thus, topics such as connectivity, mobility and land use in downtown urban areas were no longer part of the plans. This paper presents a critical view of the urban planning adopted in Rio de Janeiro from the perspective of environmental management, with emphasis on the city's current moment-the eve of two major international sporting events. There are presented a comparison among the urban plans adopted by Rio de Janeiro's public administration and the plan proposed by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy for Colombian's cities. Through this analysis it is possible to recognize the importance of integrated design for the creation of sustainable cities. It is understood that it is useless to produce green buildings in gray cities.
2016
The rise of subnational governments promoting the climate change agenda introduces new scenarios, goals and challenges. In this thesis are addressed the challenges in planning and implementing climate change policies in Belo Horizonte, a big metropolis in Brazil. The city launched its local plan for reducing the GHG emissions encompassing low-carbon policies, PREGEE, pursuing the title of sustainable city. In this study its three main axes - transportation, sanitation and energy – are analyzed, according three category of analysis: local government capacity, local framing, and political actors and factors. The analysis was sustained by the data collection on documents and interviews, used to support stakeholder analysis and policy implementation theory. In this sense, this study investigates the challenges of implementing the low-carbon policies in Belo Horizonte’s context and background, taking into account also the national framework for the climate change agenda. It is aimed to provide a better understanding on those challenges in order to promote a better path to low-carbon policies and actions’ planning and implementation processes.
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2011
The 1990s in Brazil were a time of institutional advances in the areas of housing and urban rights following the signing of the new constitution in 1988 that incorporated the principles of the social function of cities and property, recognition of the right to ownership of informal urban squatters and the direct participation of citizens in urban policy decision processes. These propositions are the pillars of the urban reform agenda which, since the creation of the Ministry of Cities by the Lula government, has come under the federal executive branch. This article evaluates the limitations and opportunities involved in implementing this agenda on the basis of two policies proposed by the ministry — the National Cities Council and the campaign for Participatory Master Plans — focusing the analysis on government organization in the area of urban development in its relationship with the political system and the characteristics of Brazilian democracy.Résumé Au Brésil, les années 1990 o...
The sustainable development strategy of the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro
2014
The purpose of this article is to describe the conception of sustainable development and its associated model of urban revitalisation enshrined in the strategic development plan of the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro. Good governance, economic, social and environmental development were included in the plan as pillars of municipal development. Indicators of performance in each of these dimensions are analyzed, and an examination is made of the hypothesis that good governance is an indispensable requirement for sustainable municipal development. Based on international and local evidence, the article proposes that achieving sustainable development goals is facilitated substantially by multi-sector partnerships with mechanisms for citizen participation.