Root growth responses of Anagallis arvensis L., primulaceae to air pollution (original) (raw)
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Root Growth Responses of Melilotis indicus (L.) All. to Air Pollution
Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology, 2010
The root length, root biomass and net primary productivity of Melilotus indicus were studied at the monthly intervals from a wheat cropland, growing at the four selected sites situated at 0.5, 2, 4 and 20 km leeward from the source of pollution caused by coal burning of a thermal power plant of Kasimpur (U.P, India). Root growth varied with the level of pollution, age of the stand and the coal consumption rate as well as the release of major gases from the power plant. The data indicate that the degree of response increased with decreasing distance from the source of pollution. The root length and root biomass were affected significantly at the 0.5 and 2 km. respectively in the seedling stage, while in the middle and old stages the loss significantly increased up to 4 km in comparison to the reference site situated at 20 km away from the source of pollution. The percent loss in the root growth of M. indicus increased from seedling to middle stage and decline at the old stage. Root l...
Consequences of Air Pollution on Shoot-Root Interactions
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1996
The impact of 502> N0 2 and 0 3 on physiological processes in plants and their consequences at the whole-plant level are discussed in the present paper. Ozon interacts with carbon allocation most likely by inhibiting sucrose export. This causes an accumulation of carbohydrates and starch in leaves and results in a reduction of photosynthesis. Thus, 03-exposure can diminish the availability of photosynthetate for growth and development and result in an increased shoot to root ratio and an overall reduction in biomass. By contrast, S02 and N0 2 can act as nutrients. S02 affects the sulfate and the organic sulfur pools of the leaves and will cause an enhanced export of sulfur. As a consequence, plants fumigated with S02 contain enhanced amounts of reduced sulfur, mainly glutathione, in the roOts. Glutathione acts as a signal to control sulfate uptake from the soil and inhibits the process of xylem loading. Apparently, sulfur from atmospheric pollution can interact with the sulfur nutrition of plants. N0 2 may interact with the nitrogen nutrition of plants in a similar way. The absorbed N0 2 is used to synthesize amino acids which are translocated in the phloem to the roots. Since amino acids transported in the phloem can decrease nitrate uptake by roots, it is feasible that nitrogen taken up via the leaves can interact with whole nitrogen nutrition of plants as described for sulfur. The significance of S02> N0 2 and 03 in affecting root-shoot interactions, will depend on the availability of defence systems, the size of internal storage pools and the actual growth rate of the plant.
2013
Physiological characteristics and energy accumulation of plant species growing in the forest phytocoenoses with high gradient of immis- sion load were compared to those with undamaged forest phytocoenoses. Studied localities iar n. Hronom and Spis region (Western Carpathians) belong to the most loaded areas of Slovakia. It has been found out that analysed plant species with their physiological characteristics (rate of pho- tosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence) sensitively reacted on the influence of abiotic factors and anthropogenic pollution of environment. Significant interspecies differences (p <0.001) were found in the measured characteristics and also in their response to negative environmental influences. In the stressed forest stand MP iar n. Hronom to anthropogenic impacts of the environment significantly lower value of photosynthesis rate responded Fagus sylvatica species, which is generally considered a sensitive species. On the l...
2014
kuklová, m., Hniličková, H., HniličkA, F., kuklA, J. 2014. Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution. Folia oecol., 41: 53–61. Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of assimilatory organs of 4 dominant plant species were studied in fir-beech ecosystems (80-100-year-old stand) and parallel clear-cut area (10-year-old stand) in locality Hliníky situated in the buffer zone of the Slovenský raj National Park. Studied ecosystems are located on the area affected by human activities. The achieved results showed that the influence of stand climate and habitat conditions differentiated the measured characteristics. Significantly higher photosynthesis was observed in assimilatory organs of F. sylvatica, R. idaeus, D. filix-mas and V. myrtillus species in the fir-beech stand (range 5.79–16.10 μmol CO2 m –2 s–1) compared to the clear-cut area (range 4.54–12.89 μmol CO2 m –2 s–1). V. myrtillus and F. sylvat...
Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health, Plant and Vegetation
The subject has long been a matter of concern since the industrialization of the country brought in its pollution hazards. The present exposure to the environmental chemicals is more likely to produce toxicity that adult exposure. Subtle functional deviations in the off-springs of exposed mothers may be one of the most sensitive indications of potential harm from environmental chemicals. The air pollutants contaminate air, water and soil, corrode materials, dirty buildings and clothing, harm plants and wild life and affect human health. To determine that an environmental change is going to be unfavorable requires a careful study of ecological system, known as the ecosystem. In an ecosystem the living organisms are inter-related and well-adjusted to their environment, comprising biotic components of plants, animals and microbes. The correlation between growth transitions of green plants, which grow outdoors and are continuously exposed to pollutants, and pollutant concentrations have helped decipher pollution zones. These zones extend in the direction of the prevailing wind, assuming an elliptic shape; the axis of the ellipse being oriented from south-west to north-east direction with the pollution source at the south-west end. In such instances the north-east extension of the ellipse penetrates deep into the natural and rural habitats.
Physiological Responses of Some Tree Species to Air Pollution Stress around Bhadravathi Town, India
Monitoring the effects of air pollutants on vegetation is very important to assess their possible damage to natural vegetation and crop plants. In this sense, ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during 2006-2008 at five sampling sites of Bhadravathi town. The concentration of suspended particulate matter was higher (41.02-236.56 μg/m 3) than the concentration of nitrogen oxides (4.15-19.69 μg/m 3) and sulfur dioxide (1.90-13.23 μg/m 3). Four tree species (Polyalthia longifoia, Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata and Acacia auriculiformis) were selected to determine the effect of air pollution; the tested trees showed variation in biochemical parameters between sampling sites. The reduction in the range of ascorbic acid (1.80-4.99 mg/g of tissue), pH (5.2-6.5), relative water content (49-79%) and total chlorophyll content (1.39-2.77 mg/g of tissue) in tested trees at sampling sites versus trees at control site was significant. The variation among the biochemical parameters in the leaves of tested trees was directly attributed to the air pollution at Bhadravathi town.
Phenological data concerning the influence of atmosphere pollutants on some species of woody plants
2008
In this paper we have studied nineteen species of woody plants – gymnosperms and angiosperms, spontaneous and cultivated ones – in areas adjacent to industrial platforms: Borzeşti (Bacău county), Bicaz and Taşca (Neamţ county), Romania. Our investigations have focused (during the period 2000 – 2007) on observations concerning species of ligneous plants in various phenophases and the state of the leaf surfaces under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants.
Industrial air pollution is more complex than most other environmental challenges. Impact of Industrial pollution on plants grown in the vicinity of Industries specially power stations has a major concern.Flyash,NOx ,SOx and Particulate matter released from the combustion of coal are the main pollutants that effects the plant growth. Plant species can be effectively used as filters for reducing air pollution and also as bio-indicators to determine the extent of air pollution. In the present study biochemical parameters namely ascorbic acid, leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll content and relative water content are measured to generate Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) for about eight plants grown in the villages located in the North west, South west, North east and South east directions of the Dr.NTTPS a coal based thermal power station under study. The results obtained indicated the tolerance capacity of some of the plants under study. Out of the 8 plants studied namely, Azadirechta indica (Neem), Ashoka indica, Albezzia lebbek, Citrus lemon, Nerium Indica, Mangifera indica (mango), Pongamia pinnata (kanuga), Zeamays (mokka jonna), pongamia pinnata (kanuga) is found to be the sensitive species while others are tolerant towards air pollution. Lower APTI values in the plants grown in the villages situated in the North west and South west areas of the power station under study showed reduced air pollution impact indicating less absorption of air pollutants by the plants in that direction compared to the plants grown in the villages in North east and South east directions of the power station.