Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Plant Growth and Development: A Review (original) (raw)
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Nanotechnology is the outmost emerging technology of 21st century. It is an excellent approach to renovate the food and agricultural industry with the help of different modern strategies for the rapid disease detection, molecular management of diseases, improving the aptitude of plants to take up more nutrients. Nanotechnology has the ability to enhance yield of nutrient values and also plays an important role in improving developed systems to monitor ecological conditions. Moreover a number of nano-materials are well known for their potential plant growth promoting effects. This present review article highlights the potential effects of Nanoparticles on flowering, growth, and seed production in plants.
Technologies developed in the field of nanoparticles have replaced the use of chemical to eco-friendly green nanoparticle. The nanoparticle sysnthesis can be attained by top-down and bottom-up methods. The source of nano-paerticle synthesis can be acheived by green plant wastes and microorganisms. This becomes a major solution for the defects of conventional nanoparticles developed by chemical synthesis and it can be substuituted for agriculture field for different application like fertilzer, pesticides, etc. It is important to mention that nanoparticles have considerably increased the production in agriculture. The physiological and biological improvements in plants by the application of nanoparticles based on metals or carbon can be enhanced by advanced techniques of testing and implementation. Metal, metal oxide, composite and polymeric nanoparticles are applied to plants through various modes to increase the crop yield and protect from pathogenic attack for not to risk the crop lifespan. Recently usage of nano zeolite in the field of agriculture potentially improves its yield. This review gives a brief introduction about the nanoparticles and its various synthesis methods applied in various fields of agriculture to increase production capacities. Also, it elaborate the application and challenges that carried in application in agricultural field.
Plants as Green Source towards Synthesis of Nanoparticles
The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to new era, the nano-revolution which unfolds role of plants in bio and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seem to have drawn quite an unequivocal attention with a view of synthesizing stable nanoparticles. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through array of conventional methods biological route of synthesizing are good competent over the physical and chemical techniques. Green principle route of synthesizing have emerged as alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional methods among which plant and microorganisms are majorly exploited. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles are emerging as advantageous compared to microbes with the presence of broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Biological synthesized nanoparticles have upsurge applications in various sectors. Hence the present study envisions on biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants which are emerging as nanofactories.
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Nanotechnology is the promising field with its wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, drug targeting, nano-medicine and other research areas. This review highlights the positive and negative impact of nanoparticles on plants and its wide applications in agricultural sciences. Effect of NPs in terms of seed germination, growth promotion and enhancement of metabolic rate has been evaluated by several scientific researches. However, NPs also exert their negative effects such as suppression of plant growth, inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency etc. Effects of NPs can be either positive or negative it depending upon the plant species and type of nanoparticles used & its concentration. Modern nano-biotechnological tools have a great potential to increase food quality, global food production, plant protection, detection of plant and animal diseases, monitoring of plant growth nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticide, nano-herbicides and nano-fungicides.
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In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as a new area of fundamental science and are receiving global attention due to their extensive applications. Conventionally nanoparticles were manufactured by physical and chemical techniques. The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to a new trend, the nano-revolution unfolding the role of plants in bio-and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seems to have drawn a quite unequivocal attention to the synthesis of stable nanoparticles. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through many conventional methods, biological route of the synthesis is more competent than the physical and chemical techniques. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have enjoyed an upsurge of applications in various sectors. Hence, the present study envisions biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants which are emerging as nanofactories. Hence, the present review summarizes the literature reported thus far and envisions plants as emerging sources of nanofactories along with applications, the mechanism behind phytosynthesis of nanoparticles and the mechanism of antibacterial action of nanoparticles.
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Bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, phenolics acids, alkaloids and carotenoids) are commercially-valued products, due to their wide array of applications in the medical, pharmacological, cosmetic, agriculture and food industry. A strategy applied to increase or enhancing bioactive compounds production in plants is controlled elicitation. In recent years, many researchers have studied the role of nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel elicitor for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds shown that the NPs could affect the plant’s secondary metabolism in plant and culture systems. In this sense, recent studies have highlighted the potential applications of nanotechnology in crop production by improving the nutraceutical and nutritional quality of plants. In this review, we present studies about the application of NPs to enhance the production of bioactive plant metabolites. The aforementioned studies in ex vitro as in vitro, in addition to the effect of post-harvest by NPs application.
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The article describes the current knowledge about the impact of nanoparticles on plant development with a particular emphasis on crop plants. Nanotechnology is an intensively developing field of science. This is due to the enormous hopes that have been placed on the achievements of nanotechnology in various areas of life. Increasingly, it has been noted that apart from the future benefits of nanotechnology in our everyday life, nanoparticles (NPs) may also have adverse effects that have not been sufficiently explored and understood. Most analyses to date have been focused on the influence of nanomaterials on the physiological processes primarily in animals, humans and bacteria. Although our knowledge about the influence of NPs on the development of plants is considerably smaller, the current views are presented below. Such knowledge is extremely important since NPs can enter the food chain, which may have an influence on human health.
Agricultural Science Digest, 2022
The rapid increase of population has increased the need of food in limited land. To mitigate the demand, a number of approaches are carried out which have disturbed the harmony with our beautiful nature resulting in severe environmental problems. Therefore, current sustainable approaches like nanotechnology can be the potential role player in reducing the harmful effect of other new technologies. The wide functional diversity of these nanoparticles in crop production and protection has shifted the conventional agriculture to "Nano agriculture". The huge amount of yield loss is mainly reported due to insect and pest responsible for a number of plant diseases. The rapid and more use of agrochemicals are more toxic and hazardous to all human beings and animals. Therefore, the nanotechnology can be the best alternative to agrochemicals with multiple benefits such as minimum use with maximum effect, low leaching, longer shelf life, eco-friendly and long-term effect. Furthermore, nanotechnology has major potential in present and future agriculture system through different approaches like monitoring and detecting pathogens, development of plant by pre-treatment agents, influencing plant growth hormones etc.
A review on nanotechnological interventions for plant growth and production
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Nanomaterials in biology is a versatile tool for enhancing plant growth and development, and yield. Nanotechnology facilitates improvement in agricultural production by amplifying the input efficiency and reducing relevant losses. Nanomaterials provide wider and specific surface area to agrochemicals and act as inimitable carriers to enhance nutrient bioavailability and accumulation of nutrient elements in crop plants. Nanomaterials can also be used for the crop protection. For this purpose, an inclusive understanding of nanotechnology practices and the effect of nanomaterials on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level are needed. Nanotechnology can also be helpful to plant growth through technological interventions like nanosensors and nanofilters, to help monitor and manage the crop growth and development. The synthesis of nanoparticles can be based on chemical methods and can also be achieved through green plant-based methods. This review summarizes the utilization of plants for nanoparticle synthesis through green methods, effects of nanoparticles on growth and development of plant, and the applications of nanoparticles as fertilizers, pest control agents and in post-harvest processing of crop produce. The review also addresses various physical aspects of nanotechnology i.e., nanosensors, nanofiltration, diligence farming, and fabricated nanoparticles.