Performance Evaluation of Single Slope Solar Still by Integrating with Solar Thermal Systems (original) (raw)
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A Review Paper on Performance Evaluation of Solar Still
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering and Research, 2017
for sustaining life on the earth Water is the basic need. This paper reviews desalination by solar still and the recent studies on Performance of solar still systems. With the passage of time due to rapid industrialization and civilization, their waste disposal along with ignorance of human being caused water pollution, which causes the world towards water pollution. Solar Distillation is one of the best Techniques to resolve this problem from available another techniques. But, due to its lower efficiency it cannot be commercial in the market. Some Modifications can be done to improve the solar still Performances. With the help of past research work we can conclude that if we are using multi layer absorber type solar still than its productivity will going to be increased and reflective radiation losses can also be reduced. Keywords-Review,solar stills, Absorbing Materials performance I. INTRODUCTION In underdeveloped countries Supply of drinking water is major problem. Water is a basic need Along with food and air for man. Human being has been dependent on rivers, lakes and underground water reservoirs for fresh water. Around 2 million children are dying and 40 million people are affected by water borne dices. However rapid industrialization may lead to a situation where by countries need to reconsider their option with respect to the management of its water resources. Surveys show that the about 77% of water available on earth is salty. Only 1% is fresh and the rest of 20% is brackish. Around 3 percent of the world water is potable and this amount is not evenly distributed on the earth. So, developed and under developed countries are suffering the problem of potable water. Distillation is an oldest technique to purify brackish water in to potable water. Various technologies were implemented for desalination from time to time and accepted by people without knowing future environmental consequences. Many developed countries have given priority to rural water supply in their development plans. Distillation of saline water, wherever it is available, is a good method to obtain fresh water. However, the conventional distillation processes are energy intensive techniques, and are the feasible for large stage. Expensive filtration and demonizing systems are even more expensive to purchase and use and will not totally purify the water by removing all contaminants. It does not take additional heat or electrical energy and even after the sun sets, distillation continues at a slower pace into the night. Recently, to increase the water vaporization by increasing the temperature on the internal fluid heat absorber, we have been experimenting with a unique optional solar energy booster using our top quality "Sola Reflex reflector"
THERMAL MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE STUDY OF MODIFIED DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL
Solar distillation is a process of producing purified drinking water from brackish water by using the heat of solar radiation as the feed to evaporate the impure water which on condensation gives the pure water. It is independent of electricity, a major portion of which is generated from fossil fuel causing environmental pollution and relies completely on renewable source of energy like solar radiation, thus making it environment friendly. In this paper a modified double slope solar still (modified DSSS) has been designed by using Transparent Acrylic and opaque Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) as its body material with two toughened glass covers. The basin and north wall of modified DSSS have been made by using FRP of thickness (0.005 m), whereas, its three sides (East, West and South walls) are made of transparent Acrylic sheet of thickness (0.003 m) equivalent to that of FRP for the same heat loss, which results in increased input solar radiation inside the solar still and improved performance but with low cost. It is evident that, the inside space of solar still is filled with air and vapour molecules which can come in contact with inner surfaces of walls and glass covers. The vapour molecules close to the walls strike it due to molecular collisions and stick to it to release its heat for phase change from vapour to liquid during condensation process. Hence, five troughs (distillate collecting channels) have been placed at inside surfaces of all its walls and glass covers. The yield has been collected from all the sides of the solar still except north wall which acts heat absorber. The molecules which come in contact with north wall get additional heat from it and get evaporated. In this paper, a thermal model has been developed to predict theoretically the performance of MDSSS for the climatic condition of MNNIT, Allahabad, India on 22 nd May 2014. Expressions for water and glass temperatures and hourly yield for the modified double slope solar distillation system have been derived analytically. It has been found that the total yield obtained from the MDSSS in a period of 24 hour is 16 Kg of purified water from 25 Kg of brackish water which is about twice of that obtained from conventional solar stills. Also the effect of solar radiation on the productivity of solar still has been analyzed.
Design and Experimental Studies on a Single Slope Solar Still for Water Desalination
Water
Gulf countries experience an imbalance between water supply and demand, which leads to a dramatic decline in the amount of groundwater. Solar energy for water desalination is an attractive option in this region, where the climate is sunny all year. A very basic solar device called a single basin solar still is commonly used to convert available seawater into drinkable water. The issue of producing drinking water may be resolved by using this technique, but because of its low productivity, it is rarely used. The experiments were carried out on a south-facing, single slope solar still with a 23-degree inclination of the condensing cover from October to November 2022, on different days for different water depths. According to the findings, the solar still with 4 cm of depth (as compared to 5, 6, and 7 cm) exhibited the maximum water productivity (2.680 L/day) with an efficiency of 30%. When the solar still was equipped with an external mirror, the temperature in the basin was raised, a...
Experimental Investigation of Double Slope Solar Still for the Climatic Condition of Sultanpur
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017
A single basin double slope solar still of 1 m 2 basin area is fabricated from an acrylic sheet of 3.5 mm. The condensing glass covers of 3.5 mm thickness with 30° tilt angle are used. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of the various parameters on the productivity of solar still like water depth, wind velocity, solar radiation, etc. The solar still experimentally tested under the climatic condition of Sultanpur (26.26° North, 82.07° East) in the month of March and April. For the present study, the experiments are conducted for both orientation East-West and North-South of solar still. The hourly temperature has been recorded for water, basin liner, and glass surfaces. It is seen that the production rate increases with increase in wind velocity and cooling of glass covers. The production of 75 ml (from16:30 hrs. to 17:00 hrs.) found for the temperature difference of 9.2°C after cooling the covers. The yield is 20.46% higher when basin water depth is 2 cm as compared to 4 cm basin water depth from 8:00 hrs. to 17:00 hrs. The results indicated that the production of distilled water increases with the increase in wind velocity, cooling the glass covers and the decrease in water depth. Keyword-Solar still, acrylic, solar desalination, East-West and North-South orientation. I. INTRODUCTION Next to the oxygen, the fresh water is essential for sustaining the human life. About 97 % of water available earth are brackish or saline and 2 % of water available in the form glaciers. Thus, only 1% of the earth, water are potable i.e. drinkable [1-4]. Much of the world's population does not have access to safe drinking water, which is the main cause of waterborne diseases that kill on the average more than 6 million children each year. Hence, we must find new and reasonable ways of producing pure water from brackish/saline water. Solar distillation is a good method for water purification and requires solar energy for its operation which is environmentally friendly and free [5-7]. The construction and operation of a solar still are very simple. There is a black painted basin, which contains brackish water and it's covered by a transparent cover. The incident solar radiation falls on the black pained basin and the brackish water gets evaporated and it's condensed on condensing cover and gets collected [8-10]. A.A. Al-Karaghouli and W.E. Alnaser reported that the production of a double slope, solar still is greater than the single basin solar still [11]. M.M. Morad et al. has conducted an experiment and reported that the passive solar still production rate is increased when there is cooling of condensing cover [12]. T. Rajaseenivasan and K. Kalidasa Murugavel have carried out their experiment and concluded that the production rate is maximum when basin water depth is minimum. They have also reported that the production of a double basin solar still is higher than the single basin solar still [3]. M. Zeroual et al. has presented the result of an experiment carried out with a solar still that the average daily output of a double slope, solar still is improved by 11.82% when the north glass is cooled by water on flowing on it [13]. V.K. Dwivedi and G.N. Tiwari have reported that the thermal efficiency of double slope passive solar still is higher than the double slope active solar still [14]. Margarita Castillo-Tellez et al. conducted an experiment and based on experimental results they concluded that the rate of production of solar still will be increased when wind velocity increase up to a certain limit, they reported that the wind velocity should not be greater than 5.5 m/s for their experimental setup [15]. G.N.Tiwari et al. reported that the East-West orientation of DSSS has a greater production rate than the single slope, solar still in summer condition because the sun is at a higher position in summer condition [16]. It is clear from the above literature review numerous studies were published on a double slope solar still desalination system. The main objective of doing this project is to study the effects of various parameters like water depth, wind velocity, cooling of condensing glass covers and solar radiation etc. on the productivity of DSSS for the climatic condition of Sultanpur and also to study the orientation is good for the Sultanpur climatic condition.
Analytical Comparison and Evaluation of Single Slope Single Basin Stepped Type Solar Still
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2017
Concern for environment and ever increasing demand for energy, combined with relentless advancement in renewable energy innovations, are interested in the new opportunities to accomplish in the field of use of renewable energy resources. Till date, solar energy is the most clean, cheap and inexhaustible among all renewable resources. The power from the sun is many times larger than the present rate of energy consumption on the earth. Solar still is one of the finest ways to harness the solar power. A simple and effective device which is applied for obtain distilled water from the saline water with the solar desalination process is known as solar still. The conventional still produces 2–3 l fresh water per day (9AM to 5PM) but the output of stepped solar still is quite high compared to the conventional. There are various scientists and researchers who investigated the effect of design parameters, climate parameters and operational parameters to review the effect of these parameters w...
Investigation of the performance of single slope solar still at different salt concentrations
Solaris 2019–India Renewable Energy Sustainable Climate , 2019
In this manuscript, an effort has been made to inspect the influence of salt concentration on the internal heat transfer coefficients in a single slope single basin conventional solar still. Experiments were performed with seven different salt concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%) for different seven days in the month of April 2018 at Guna, India (77°19’ E, 24°39’ N). A numerical model proposed by Kumar & Tiwari has been used for theoretical calculations. It has been observed that at 1% salt concentration the evaporative heat transfer coefficient is highest when compared with 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%. The evaluated values of C and n at 1% salt concentration are 5.4891and 0.1308 respectively. Hence it is concluded that; feed water containing 1% of salt can improve the energy exchange mechanism in passive solar still remarkably.
Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science
The most prominent factors that have a significant influence on the performance of solar distillation are the inclination angle of the solar still cover and the water depth within the still basin. This paper was investigated an experimental performance of a single solar still. Five single sloped solar stills were designed and fabricated to operate under Baghdad city weather condition during August 2016. The inner dimensions of each basin were 0.5x0.5 m. The glass covers were tilted at 20 o , 31 o , 45 o and 50 o with respect to the horizontal. The temperatures of the outer glass covers surfaces were measured. Also, this study presents an experimental investigation on the potable water collection amount with the water depths of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 cm into each still basin and the different glass lid inclination angles. The hourly amount of extracted drinkable water was monitored. The daily produced amounts of fresh water increased by reducing the tilt angle from 50 o to 20 o , and diminish of water depth in the basin from 7 cm to 1 cm. The highest total daily amount was 495 ml/day (~2 l/m 2 /day) for solar still with tilt angle of 20 o and water depth of 1 cm.
2016
Water is essential for life and fresh water is a finite<br> resource that is becoming scarce day by day even though it is<br> recycled by hydrological cycle. The fresh water reserves are being<br> polluted due to expanding irrigation, industries, urban population and<br> its development. Contaminated water leads to several health<br> problems. With the increasing demand of fresh water, solar<br> distillation is an alternate solution which uses solar energy to<br> evaporate water and then to condense it, thereby collecting distilled<br> water within or outside the same system to use it as potable water.<br> The structure that houses the process is known as a 'solar still'. In this<br> paper, 'Modified double slope solar still (MDSSS)' & 'Modified<br> double slope basin type multiwick solar still (MDSBMSS)' have been<br> designed to convert saline, brackish water into drinking water. In thi...
Performance Investigation of Solar Still Integrated to Solar Pond
2014
done on a solar still integrated to the solar-pond. The solar vapors and pours down as precipitation on earth in the form of still base was coated with granular activated carbon(GAC) for fresh water. Here we used solar still for solar desalination enhancing the evaporation rate. The solar-pond was used to process to process the saline water. pre-heat the inlet water supplied to solar still. 0.01m water A number of efforts have been made to develop and depth was maintained in the solar still. Physical modelling of improve the performance of solar desalination systems, solar-pond was done in matlab to determine the optimum particularly solar stills. The efficiency of the still is directly salinity level required for the bottom layer of solar-pond proportional to the inlet water temperature to still. To increase which is the heat storing zone. From the simulated results we the temperature of the water inside the still, some researches found that 50g/Kg salinity is the optimal value tha...
Improved Pyramid Solar Still for Solar Water Desalination – A Case Study
International Review of Mechanical Engineering (I.RE.M.E.), 2020
Solar energy is considered as an available source of huge amount of thermal energy with low cost and it is environmentally friendly. Seawater desalination is the main source of freshwater in many countries using different technologies. Seawater desalination using solar thermal energy with passive techniques is vital for arid areas that have shortage in electricity grids or any other sources of energy. In this study, an experimental investigation for a solar still with pyramidal cover in the environmental conditions of arid regions in Saudi Arabia has been conducted. The pyramid surfaces have been designed and directed so that one of the faces receives sunlight directly for a period, which helps in the process of evaporation faster, and the other interface is away from the rays so that the temperature is low to help in the process of condensation of steam. In addition, a seawater feeding system is designed to maintain a constant level of water height within the basin. The accumulated freshwater productivity along sun shining period of the day has reached 3230 gm and the instantaneous productivity takes place at the maximum irradiance period and it has reached 472 gm. The energy and the exergy analyses for the system have indicated that the energy and the exergy efficiencies of the system have reached a maximum of 60% and 5%, respectively. The over day energy and exergy efficiencies of the system have been 31.6% and 2.35%, respectively. The produced freshwater cost from the system has been found out to be 0.1 $/L/m2.