RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THYROID PROFILE AND SEMEN QUALITY (original) (raw)

Relationship between Thyroid Profile with Reproductive Hormones and Semen Quality

American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2016

Semen quality is associated with various factors. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on human semen quality and reproductive hormones level if any. A total of 351 subjects were enrolled. They were subjected to assess the status of thyroid as well as reproductive hormones and semen quality. The subjects were grouped on the basis of thyroid hormone profile as, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and normal thyroid hormone profile with respect to semen quality and reproductive hormones level. Semen volume, sperm count and viability was non-significant statistically in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects with respect to subjects with normal thyroid profile. Whereas, percent fast progressive Sperm was significantly lower in hypothyroid subjects, while non-motile sperm was significantly higher in hypothyroid subjects as compared to normal thyroid profile subjects. The data on reproductive hormones level indicated that FSH was highe...

Thyroid Disorders and Semen Quality

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2018

Thyroid hormones and their impacts on male reproduction have been reported in numerous studies in past few decades. They are the crucial players in the regulation of male gonadal developments and reproductive functions. An excess or deficit of thyroid hormones not only alter the testicular functions but also interrupts neuroendocrine axis through the crosstalk between hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. These changes result in decreased testosterone level and altered seminal plasma components which affect semen quality. The reports on the direct effects of thyroid disorders on semen quality are scanty. Thus, this review scrutinizes the available literature and aims to elucidate (a) the normal thyroidal regulations of semen parameters, (b) effects of hypothyroidism on semen quality (c) effects of hyperthyroidism on semen quality, and (d) the possible mechanism of action of thyroid dysfunctions on the alterations of semen quality. This review also highlights the limitations of the studies carried out so far and accentuates the necessity of large-scale human studies and animal studies specifically focusing on the molecular events of thyroid disorder-induced alterations in semen quality.

Study of Thyroid Hormones in Male Infertility

2018

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.9.66 Abstract:Hormones are one of the principal factors in intercellular and inter-organ communication. The thyroid hormones are crucial for normal functioning because of their control over body’s basal metabolic rate, as well as growth, development, and differentiation of many cells/organs in the body.The present study was based on a crosssectional study design carried out at the outpatient department of Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018. Serum levels of free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free testosterone, prolactin (PRL), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured using immunoassay commercial kits in both groups. The normal reference ranges for thyroid hormones were as follows: TSH, 0.3 to 5.0 IU/mL and T4, 4.5 to 12.5 g/dL. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. The results were averaged as (mean ...

Serum Hormones and Seminal Parameters in Males with Thyroid Disturbance

Andrologia, 2009

Semen characteristics and serum levels of the hormones T3, T4, ff4, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin and Testosterone have been measured in five men with thyroid disorders (two patients had primary hypothyroidism, two had Graves disease and one had subacute thyroiditis). Alteration in thyroid status negatively affects semen quality, more markedly in hypothyroidism than in hyperthyroidism. Treatment of patients improves the quality of semen. Serumhormone und Spermaparameter bei Mannern mit Schilddrusenstorung Zusammenfassung: Bei fiinf Miinnern mit einer Schilddriisenfunktionsstorung (2 hatten einen primaren Hypothyreoidismus, 2 einen Morbus Graves und einer eine subakute Thyreoiditis) wurden die Sperma-Charakteristika und die Serumwerte f k verschiedene Hormone (T3, T4, ff4, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolaktin und Testosteron) bestimmt. Es kann gezeigt werden, dafi eine Alteration der Schilddriisenfunktion die Spermaqualitat negativ beeinflufit und zwar sehr vie1 deutlicher bei Hypothyreoidismus als bei Hyperthyreoidismus. Eine entsprechende Therapie bessert die Qualitat des Spermas. Besonders eindrucksvoll ist eine Besserung der Spermatozoendichte, sowie eine Besserung der Motilitat, wie auch des Anteils normalkonfigurierter Spermatozoen. Die Sexualhormone blieben unbeeinflufit .

Thyroid hormones in male reproduction and fertility

Thyroid hormones, previously thought not to affect spermatogenesis and male fertility, are now being recognized as having important role in spermatogenesis. The identification of thyroid hormone receptors on Sertoli cells, the nurturing cells for sperm in the testis, has embarked further research to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in male reproduction. Since spermatogenesis occurs in close contact with the Sertoli cells, the thyroid hormones must exert significant regulatory role in sperm production. Therefore, disturbances in the thyroid function could affect spermatogenesis and male fertility. Studies on human subjects and animals models are now revealing further insights into the effect of thyroid hormones on male fertility and infertility. The present review provides an update on the role of thyroid hormones in spermatogenesis and male fertility.

Is Hashimoto Thyroiditis a Risk Factor in Male Infertility?

Istanbul University - DergiPark, 2022

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is known as thyroid dysfunction and is one of the most common endocrine diseases worldwide. This study seeks to investigate thyroid dysfunction in the male reproductive system. Normal thyroid function is crucial for male reproduction. Semen quality parameters are among the most critical factors affecting male fertility. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of thyroid dysfunction on semen quality parameters such as sperm motility, number, and morphology. This cross-sectional retrospective case-control study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 in Bahcesehir University Göztepe Medicalpark Hospital Invitro Fertilization center. Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=52) were included in the study as the case group. The control group was selected from age and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients who underwent semen analysis (n=57). The participants' age and BMI were 30.90±4.45 and 24.49±1.46, respectively. When we evaluated semen analysis results, we found the number of sperms (p<0.001), motility (p<0.01), and morphology (p<0.001) were significantly better in the controls than in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia as sperm abnormalities were observed in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis has a negative effect on semen quality parameters such as sperm motility, number, and morphology. Evaluation of infertile men is recommended in terms of thyroid dysfunction.

Thyroid hormones and male sexual function

The role of thyroid hormones in the control of erectile functioning has been only superficially investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between thyroid and erectile function in two different cohorts of subjects. The first one derives from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS study), a multicentre survey performed on a sample of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years (mean 60 ± 11 years). The second cohort is a consecutive series of 3203 heterosexual male patients (mean age 51.8 ± 13.0 years) attending our Andrology and Sexual Medicine Outpatient Clinic for sexual dysfunction at the University of Florence (UNIFI study). In the EMAS study all subjects were tested for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Similarly, TSH levels were checked in all patients in the UNIFI study, while FT4 only when TSH resulted outside the reference range. Overt primary hyperthyroidism (reduced TSH and elevated FT4, according to the reference range) was found in 0.3 and 0.2% of EMAS and UNIFI study respectively. In both study cohorts, suppressed TSH levels were associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Overt hyperthyroidism was associated with an increased risk of severe erectile dysfunction (ED, hazard ratio = 14 and 16 in the EMAS and UNIFI study, respectively; both p < 0.05), after adjusting for confounding factors. These associations were confirmed in nested case-control analyses, comparing subjects with overt hyperthyroidism to age, BMI, smoking status and testosterone-matched controls. Conversely, no association between primary hypothyroidism and ED was observed. In conclusion, erectile function should be evaluated in all individuals with hyperthyroidism. Conversely, assessment of thyroid function cannot be recommended as routine practice in all ED patients.

The role of hypothyroidism in male infertility and erectile dysfunction

Urology journal

To evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on erectile function and sperm parameters. This study was conducted on 24 patients with hypothyroidism and 66 normal individuals. Serum levels of hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone, were measured and semen analysis was done in all the participants. Erectile function was evaluated using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. The mean IIEF-5 total score was 11.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.70 to 13.79) and 20.81 (95% CI: 20.02 to 21.6) for hypothyroid group and normal subjects, respectively (P = .005). Furthermore, serum concentrations of PRL and seminal parameters were significantly different between two groups (P < .001). Hypothyroidism adversely affects erectile function and sperm parameters, including sperm count, morphology, and motility. In patients with sperm abnormalities a...

Hypothyroidism Has an Adverse Effect on Human Spermatogenesis: A Prospective, Controlled Study

Thyroid, 2008

Background: Abnormalities of spermatogenesis are associated with numerous diseases and aging. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of hypothyroidism on human spermatogenesis and different sperm function tests. Methods: Twenty-five hypothyroid men and 15 normal individuals were investigated. Semen analysis, fructose and acid phosphatase measurements, teratozoospermia index (TZI), and acridine orange test were determined before and 6-9 months after the initiation of treatment with levothyroxine. Results: Morphology is the only sperm parameter that differs significantly between hypothyroid patients and controls (p < 0.0001). After treatment, morphology improved significantly (p < 0.001). Motility was also decreased before treatment in comparison with controls, and improved after treatment. However, the difference was not significant. TZI correlated with free thyroxine. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism has an adverse effect on human spermatogenesis. Morphology is the only sperm parameter that is significantly affected. Motility may also be affected, but further studies regarding this are needed. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in males who present with a defect in spermatogenesis is strongly recommended, and if hypothyroidism is noted, the response to thyroid hormone should be evaluated before initiating other treatments.