Gender Influences Gut Microbiota among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (original) (raw)
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Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: present state and perspectives
2010
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that has been associated with aberrant microbiota. This review focuses on the recent molecular insights generated by analysing the intestinal microbiota in subjects suffering from IBS. Special emphasis is given to studies that compare and contrast the microbiota of healthy subjects with that of IBS patients classified into different subgroups based on their predominant bowel pattern as defined by the Rome criteria. The current data available from a limited number of patients do not reveal pronounced and reproducible IBS-related deviations of entire phylogenetic or functional microbial groups, but rather support the concept that IBS patients have alterations in the proportions of commensals with interrelated changes in the metabolic output and overall microbial ecology. The lack of apparent similarities in the taxonomy of microbiota in IBS patients may partially arise from the fact that the applied molecular methods, the nature and location of IBS subjects, and the statistical power of the studies have varied considerably. Most recent advances, especially the finding that several uncharacterized phylotypes show non-random segregation between healthy and IBS subjects, indicate the possibility of discovering bacteria specific for IBS. Moreover, tools are being developed for the functional analysis of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and IBS. These approaches may be instrumental in the evaluation of the ecological dysbiosis hypothesis in the gut ecosystem. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for research avenues and candidate microbial biomarkers that may eventually be used in IBS diagnosis.
Scientific reports, 2015
Several studies have indicated that colonic microbiota may exhibit important differences between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Less is known about the microbiota of the small bowel. We used massive parallel sequencing to explore the composition of small bowel mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We analysed capsule biopsies from the jejunum of 35 patients (26 females) with IBS aged 18-(36)-57 years and 16 healthy volunteers (11 females) aged 20-(32)-48 years. Sequences were analysed based on taxonomic classification. The phyla with the highest total abundance across all samples were: Firmicutes (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Actinobacteria (9.3%) and Fusobacteria (7.0%). The most abundant genera were: Streptococcus (19%), Veillonella (13%), Prevotella (12%), Rothia (6.4%), Haemophilus (5.7%), Actinobacillus (5.5%), Escherichia (4.6%) and Fusobacterium (4.3%). We found no difference among major...
Gastroenterology, 2007
Background & Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a significant gastrointestinal disorder with unknown etiology. The symptoms can greatly weaken patients' quality of life and account for notable economical costs for society. Contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota in IBS has been suggested. Our objective was to characterize putative differences in gastrointestinal microbiota between patients with IBS and control subjects. These differences could potentially have a causal relationship with the syndrome. Methods: Microbial genomes from fecal samples of 24 patients with IBS and 23 controls were collected, pooled in a groupwise manner, and fractionated according to their guanine cytosine content. Selected fractions were analyzed by extensive high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene cloning and sequencing of 3753 clones. Some of the revealed phylogenetic differences were further confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays on individual samples. Results: The coverage of the clone libraries of IBS subtypes and control subjects differed significantly (P < .0253). The samples were also distinguishable by the Bayesian analysis of bacterial population structure. Moreover, significant (P < .05) differences between the clone libraries were found in several bacterial genera, which could be verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays of phylotypes belonging to the genera Coprococcus, Collinsella, and Coprobacillus. Conclusions: The study showed that fecal microbiota is significantly altered in IBS. Further studies on molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are needed to elucidate the exact role of intestinal bacteria in IBS.
Gut Microbiota as Potential Orchestrators of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Gut and Liver, 2015
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial functional disorder with no clearly defined etiology or pathophysiology. Modern culture-independent techniques have improved the understanding of the gut microbiota's composition and demonstrated that an altered gut microbiota profile might be found in at least some subgroups of IBS patients. Research on IBS from a microbial perspective is gaining momentum and advancing. This review will therefore highlight potential links between the gut microbiota and IBS by discussing the current knowledge of the gut microbiota; it will also illustrate bacterial-host interactions and how alterations to these interactions could exacerbate, induce or even help alleviate IBS.
The Intestinal Microbiota and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 2015
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent and the best studied functional gastrointestinal disorder. The etiology and the pathogenesis of IBS are still not clear; however, recent studies have implicated a role for alterations in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Epidemiological observations have demonstrated that the development of IBS symptoms is often preceded by a disruption of the individual's normal intestinal microbiota, and microbiological studies have demonstrated compositional differences in the intestinal microbiota between patients with IBS patients and healthy controls. In addition, animal studies and a few recent human clinical studies have demonstrated that compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota in IBS are associated with relevant abnormal gastrointestinal and brain-gut axis functions that are often observed in patients with IBS. This article discusses points of interest from the current research on the microbiota-gut-brain interactions in IBS and highlights the relevance of the emerging data to our understanding of the disorder and the clinical implications for patients' care.
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015
Background The faecal-associated microbiota is commonly seen as a surrogate of the mucosalassociated microbiota. However, previous studies indicate that they are different. Furthermore, analyses of the mucosal microbiota are commonly done after standard bowel cleansing, affecting the microbial composition. Aim To compare the mucosal-associated microbiota, obtained from unprepared colon, with faecal-associated microbiota in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Methods Faecal and mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 IBS patients and 16 healthy controls. Of IBS patients, 49% belonged to the diarrhoea-predominant subgroup and 80% suffered from IBS symptoms during at least 5 years. Biopsies were collected from unprepared sigmoid colon and faecal samples a day before colonoscopy. Microbiota analyses were performed with a phylogenetic microarray and redundancy discriminant analysis. Results The composition of the mucosal-and the faecal-associated microbiota in unprepared sigmoid colon differs significantly (P = 0.002). Clinical characteristics of IBS did not correlate with this difference. Bacteroidetes dominate the mucosal-associated microbiota. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominate the faecal-associated microbiota. Healthy subjects had a significantly higher (P < 0.005) abundance (1.9%) of the bacterial group uncultured Clostridiales I in the mucosalassociated microbiota than IBS patients (0.3%). Bacterial diversity was higher in faecal-compared with mucosal-associated microbiota in IBS patients (P < 0.005). No differences were found in healthy subjects. Conclusions Differences in the mucosal-associated microbiota between healthy individuals and IBS patients are minimal (one bacterial group) compared to differences in the faecal microbiota of both groups (53 bacterial groups). Microbial aberrations characterising IBS are more pronounced in the faeces than in the mucosa.
Scientific Reports, 2020
Altered bacterial composition and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to determine the fecal and mucosa-associated bacterial composition along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and to assess SIBO in IBS. Bacterial composition of feces, and mucosa of the duodenum and sigmoid colon was determined by 16S rRNA-amplicon-sequencing. SIBO was evaluated by bacterial culture of duodenal aspirate, glucose and lactulose breath tests. Mucosal antibacterial gene expression was assessed by PCR Array. The bacterial profiles of feces and the mucosa of sigmoid colon, but not duodenum, differed between IBS patients (n = 17) and HS (n = 20). The IBS specific bacterial profiles were linked to the colonic antibacterial gene expression. Fecal bacterial profile differed between IBS subtypes, while the mucosa-associated bacterial profile was associated with IBS symptom severity and breath tests results at baseline (H2 and/or CH4...
Altered Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association with Food Components
Journal of Personalized Medicine
The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and...